Bose-einstein condensation and free DKP field

Abstract

The thermodynamical partition function of the Duffin–Kemmer–Petiau theory is evaluated using the imaginary-time formalism of quantum field theory at finite temperature and path integral methods. The DKP partition function displays two features: (i) full equivalence with the partition function for charged scalar particles and charged massive spin 1 particles; and (ii) the zero mode sector which is essential to reproduce the well-known relativistic Bose–Einstein condensation for both theories.