Secagem de pasta de quitosana em camada delgada: Avaliação do efeito da secagem sobre o grau de Desacetilação e a massa molecular viscosimétrica
Resumo
A quitosana é um biopolímero derivado da quitina, sendo que esta é encon-
trada na carapaça e exoesqueleto de crustáceos e outros materiais biológicos. A
massa molecular e o grau de desacetilação deste biopolímero são características
que determinam sua aplicação específi ca, como a produção de fi lme polimérico
para revestimento de frutas e vegetais. A operação de secagem é uma importan-
te etapa no processo de produção de quitosana, podendo, no entanto, ocorrer a
polimerização do material durante esta operação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi
determinar a massa molecular e o grau de desacetilação da quitosana obtida, uti-
lizando diferentes condições de secagem em camada delgada. Os experimentos
foram realizados em secador descontínuo de bandeja com escoamento paralelo
do ar, nas temperaturas de 60 e 70ºC e velocidade de 3 m/s. A quitosana foi seca
na forma de pellets cilíndricos, em bandeja perfurada com 3 mm de espessura e
carga de sólidos de 4 kg/m2. A massa molecular e o grau de desacetilação foram
determinados pelos métodos viscosimétrico e potenciométrico, respectivamente.
A quitosana úmida apresentou massa molecular de 180 kDa e 87% de grau de
desacetilação. Os valores da massa molecular do produto fi nal foram na faixa
de 205 kDa; e não foram observadas alterações no grau de desacetilação após a
secagem. O maior rendimento foi alcançado na temperatura de 70ºC.
This paper considers the use of Chitosan, a biopolymer obtained from chitin that is found in crustaceans exoskeletons and other biologic materials. The molecular weight and deacetylation degree of this biopolymer are the characteristics that determine its specifi c application as a polymeric fi lm for fruit and vegetable coating. The drying operation is an important step in production of chitosan, however the polymerization of the material can occur during this operation. The aim of this study was to determine the molecular weight and deacetylation degree of dried chitosan using different drying conditions in thin layers. The experiments were performed in discontinuous tray with parallel air fl ow dryer, at 60 and 70ºC and air velocity at 3 m/s. The dried chitosan as cylindric pellets form was obtained in perforated tray with 3 mm thickness and solids loads in tray at 4 kg/m2. The molecular weight and deacetylation degree were determined by viscosimetric and potentiometric methods, respectively. The wet chitosan presented molecular weight of 180 kDa and the deacetylation degree of 87%. The fi nal product molecular weight values were on average 205 kDa, and did not show alterations in the degree of deacetylation after drying. The higher production of dried chitosan was determined at 70ºC.
This paper considers the use of Chitosan, a biopolymer obtained from chitin that is found in crustaceans exoskeletons and other biologic materials. The molecular weight and deacetylation degree of this biopolymer are the characteristics that determine its specifi c application as a polymeric fi lm for fruit and vegetable coating. The drying operation is an important step in production of chitosan, however the polymerization of the material can occur during this operation. The aim of this study was to determine the molecular weight and deacetylation degree of dried chitosan using different drying conditions in thin layers. The experiments were performed in discontinuous tray with parallel air fl ow dryer, at 60 and 70ºC and air velocity at 3 m/s. The dried chitosan as cylindric pellets form was obtained in perforated tray with 3 mm thickness and solids loads in tray at 4 kg/m2. The molecular weight and deacetylation degree were determined by viscosimetric and potentiometric methods, respectively. The wet chitosan presented molecular weight of 180 kDa and the deacetylation degree of 87%. The fi nal product molecular weight values were on average 205 kDa, and did not show alterations in the degree of deacetylation after drying. The higher production of dried chitosan was determined at 70ºC.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Biopolímero, Quitina, Quitosana, Secagem de Alimentos, Biopolymer, Chitin, Chitosan, Food Drying
Citação
MOURA, Catarina Motta de; MOURA, Jaqueline Motta de; PINTO, Luiz Antonio Almeida. Secagem de pasta de quitosana em camada delgada: Avaliação do efeito da secagem sobre o grau de Desacetilação e a massa molecular viscosimétrica. Publ. UEPG Ci. Exatas Terra, v.15, n. 2, p. 89-96, 2009. Disponível em: <http://www.revistas2.uepg.br/index.php/exatas/article/view/978/1361>. Acesso em 17 jul. 2014.
