Contribuição dos bioflocos na alimentação do camarão Litopenaeus vannamei durante as fases de berçário e engorda através da técnica de isótopos estáveis
Resumo
A tecnologia de produção de camarões em meio aos bioflocos (BFT) é considerada uma
das mais adequadas e promissoras para o desenvolvimento sustentável da
carcinocultura, permitindo altas densidades de estocagem de Litopenaeus vannamei, e o
uso de menores áreas e maior produtividade quando comparada aos sistemas tradicionais. No intuito de determinar a importância dos bioflocos, nos últimos anos
vem sendo aplicada a técnica de isótopos estáveis em pesquisas na produção aquícola, e assim esta ferramenta tem auxiliado no entendimento de qual fonte alimentar se
sobrepõe em importância para a espécie cultivada. A partir disso, este trabalho teve o
objetivo de avaliar qual a contribuição nutricional de cada alimento presente no sistema,
por meio da técnica de isótopos estáveis de carbono e nitrogênio para determinar a
influência dos bioflocos em pós-larvas e juvenis de L. vannamei durante as fases de
berçário e engorda. Para isso, foram delineados dois experimentos com três tratamentos
e quatro repetições, distribuídos em tratamento 1: onde os camarões foram alimentados só com ração, tratamento 2: somente bioflocos como fonte alimentar e o tratamento 3:
com alimentação baseada em bioflocos + ração. Foram monitorados diariamente os
parâmetros de qualidade da água e o desempenho zootécnico dos camarões foi
acompanhado por meio de biometrias semanais, e a cada 15 dias foram coletadas
amostras de ração, bioflocos e camarão para análise de isótopos estáveis. Além disso,
foi analisada a comunidade microbiana e os níveis de clorofila durante o experimento.
Oxigênio dissolvido, temperatura e salinidade não apresentaram diferenças
significativas entre os tratamentos, enquanto que os compostos nitrogenados
apresentaram diferenças significativas entre si, e sólidos suspensos e turbidez foram
maiores nos tratamentos com bioflocos. No experimento de berçário o crescimento no
tratamento de Bioflocos com ração foi menor, quando comparado ao tratamento
controle, devido à presença de cianobactérias da família Pseudoanabaenacea, porém a
sobrevivência foi estatisticamente igual nesses tratamentos. Já no experimento de
engorda, o crescimento e a sobrevivência não diferiram estatisticamente entre o
Controle e o tratamento de Biofloco com ração, com um peso final de 7,97±2,03 g e
7,69±2,27 g, respectivamente. Para avaliar a contribuição dos bioflocos e da ração foi
usado um modelo de misturas isotópicas para mensurar os níveis dos isótopos de
Carbono e Nitrogênio nos tecidos dos camarões. Portanto, foi observado que os
xi bioflocos podem contribuir de 22 a 43% no crescimento dos camarões durante a fase de
berçário e de 63 a 86% durante a fase de engorda
Shrimp production technology among the bioflocs (BFT) is considered one of the most appropriate and promising for the sustainable development of carcinoculture, allowing high stocking densities of Litopenaeus vannamei, the use of smaller areas and increased productivity compared to traditional systems. In order to determine the importance of bioflocs in recent years it has been applied the technique of stable isotopes in research in aquaculture production, so this tool has helped in the understanding of which food source overlaps in importance to the cultivated species. From this, this study aimed to evaluate the nutritional contribution of each food present in the system, through the technique of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes to determine the influence of bioflocs post-larvae and juveniles of L. vannamei during nursery and grow out phases. For this, two experiments were designed with three treatments and four replications, distributed in treatment 1, where shrimp were only fed with feed, treatment 2 only bioflocs as a food source and treatment with 3 nutrition based on bioflocs + feed. The water quality parameters were monitored daily, the growth performance of shrimp was accompanied by weekly biometry and every 15 days ration, bioflocs and shrimp samples were collected for analysis of stable isotopes. Moreover, the microbial community and chlorophyll levels were analyzed during the experiment. Dissolved oxygen, temperature and salinity showed no significant differences between treatments, while the nitrogenous compounds showed significant differences, and suspended solids and turbidity were higher in the treatments with bioflocs. During the nursery phase growth in the treatment of Bioflocos + feed was lower when compared to the control treatment due to the presence of cyanobacteria Pseudoanabaenacea family, although survival was statistically similar such treatments. In grow out phase, growth and survival did not differ significantly between the control and treatment of Bioflocs + feed, with a final weight of 7.97 ± 2.03 g and 7.69 ± 2.27 g, respectively. To assess the contribution of bioflocs and feed a model of isotopic mixtures was used to measure the levels of Carbon and Nitrogen isotopes in the shrimp tissues. Therefore, it was observed that bioflocs can contribute 22-43% in the growth of shrimps during nursery phase and 63 to 86% during grow out phase
Shrimp production technology among the bioflocs (BFT) is considered one of the most appropriate and promising for the sustainable development of carcinoculture, allowing high stocking densities of Litopenaeus vannamei, the use of smaller areas and increased productivity compared to traditional systems. In order to determine the importance of bioflocs in recent years it has been applied the technique of stable isotopes in research in aquaculture production, so this tool has helped in the understanding of which food source overlaps in importance to the cultivated species. From this, this study aimed to evaluate the nutritional contribution of each food present in the system, through the technique of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes to determine the influence of bioflocs post-larvae and juveniles of L. vannamei during nursery and grow out phases. For this, two experiments were designed with three treatments and four replications, distributed in treatment 1, where shrimp were only fed with feed, treatment 2 only bioflocs as a food source and treatment with 3 nutrition based on bioflocs + feed. The water quality parameters were monitored daily, the growth performance of shrimp was accompanied by weekly biometry and every 15 days ration, bioflocs and shrimp samples were collected for analysis of stable isotopes. Moreover, the microbial community and chlorophyll levels were analyzed during the experiment. Dissolved oxygen, temperature and salinity showed no significant differences between treatments, while the nitrogenous compounds showed significant differences, and suspended solids and turbidity were higher in the treatments with bioflocs. During the nursery phase growth in the treatment of Bioflocos + feed was lower when compared to the control treatment due to the presence of cyanobacteria Pseudoanabaenacea family, although survival was statistically similar such treatments. In grow out phase, growth and survival did not differ significantly between the control and treatment of Bioflocs + feed, with a final weight of 7.97 ± 2.03 g and 7.69 ± 2.27 g, respectively. To assess the contribution of bioflocs and feed a model of isotopic mixtures was used to measure the levels of Carbon and Nitrogen isotopes in the shrimp tissues. Therefore, it was observed that bioflocs can contribute 22-43% in the growth of shrimps during nursery phase and 63 to 86% during grow out phase
Descrição
Palavras-chave
berçário, engorda, bioflocos, camarão, isótopos estáveis, Nursery, grow out, bioflocs, Shrimp, stable isotopes
Citação
REIS, Paula Alice Cruz Paiva .Contribuição dos bioflocos na alimentação do camarão Litopenaeus vannamei durante as fases de berçário e engorda através da técnica de isótopos estáveis. 2016. 59f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Aquicultura) - Instituto de Oceonografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, 2016.
