Navegando por Autor "Chica, David Alejandro González"

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Automedicação em menores de cinco anos em municípios do Pará e Piauí: prevalência e fatores associados
(2012) Goulart, Ivana da Cruz; Cesar, Juraci Almeida; Chica, David Alejandro González; Neumann, Nelson Arns
Objectives: to measure the prevalence of and identify factors associated with the self-medication of children aged under five years in the municipalities of Caracol in the State of Piauí, and Garrafão do Norte in the State of Pará. Methods: a cross-sectional method, systematic sampling and a standard household visit question- naire were used to investigate various characteristics of the mothers, families and children. The chi-squared test was used to compare proportions and Poisson’s regression adjusted for robustness of variance for multivariate analysis. Results: of the 590 children studied in Caracol and 1081 in Garrafão, 30% and 25% respectively had been self-medicated in the preceding 15 days. After adjustment for various confounding variables, the fact of not having succeeded in obtaining care for a sick child in the previous 15 days in both municipalities, and that of residing more than 1km from health services in Caracol and of the mother having done paid work in the previous 12 months, in Garrafão, proved to be significantly associated with self medication among children aged under five years. Conclusions: the prevalence of self-medication by mothers of children aged under five years in the municipalities under study, although lower than that observed in other parts of Brazil, resulted above all from not being able to gain access to medical assistance.
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Características sociodemográficas e de assistência à gestação e ao parto no extremo sul do Brasil
(2011) Cesar, Juraci Almeida; Sassi, Raul Andrés Mendonza; Chica, David Alejandro González; Mano, Patricia de Souza; Goulart-Filha, Sirlei de Moura
This study aimed to compare prenatal and childbirth care received by teenagers and older mothers in Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul State, southern Brazil. From January 1st to December 31st 2007, all mothers were interviewed with a standardized questionnaire on the care they received. The chi-square test was used to compare proportions between adolescent and non-adolescent mothers. One-fourth (516) of the infants were born to adolescent mothers. Compared to older mothers, teenagers showed lower rates of the following: completion of at least six prenatal visits (61% x 75%), initiation of prenatal care in the first trimester (58% x 77%), tetanus vaccination (81% x 85%), and completion of prenatal visits with the same health professional (70% x 78%). Meanwhile, teenage motherhood was associated with more: supplementation for iron deficiency (66% x 57%), use of forceps (11% x 6%), and episiotOmy (86% x 66%). The findings show that teenage mothers received worse prenatal and childbirth care than older mothers.
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Discriminação auto-relatada por adolescentes de uma coorte de nascimentos brasileira: prevalência e fatores associados
(2012) Gonçalves, Helen; Dumith, Samuel de Carvalho; Chica, David Alejandro González; Menezes, Ana Maria Baptista; Araújo, Cora Luiza Pavin; Hallal, Pedro Rodrigues Curi; Bastos, João Luiz Dornelles
Objetivo. Avaliar a prevalência e os fatores associados à discriminação autorrelatada por adolescentes. Métodos. Análise transversal dos adolescentes pertencentes à coorte de nascidos vivos em 1993 na cidade de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Dos 5 249 membros da coorte, foram coletadas informações em 2004 e 2005 sobre discriminação autorrelatada, variáveis sociodemográficas, atributos físicos e estado nutricional em 4 452 adolescentes. Regressão de Poisson foi utilizada nas análises bruta e ajustada para estimar as razões de prevalência (RP). Resultados. A prevalência global de discriminação autorrelatada foi de 16,4%. Na análise ajustada, a discriminação foi mais relatada por meninas (RP = 1,27, IC95%: 1,10 a 1,48); heteroclassificados pretos (RP = 1,28, IC95%: 1,04 a 1,57); pelos mais pobres (RP = 1,58, IC95%: 1,23 a 2,02); os que se perceberam como muito magros ou muito gordos (RP = 1,81 e 1,54, respectivamente), com dificuldades financeiras familiares (RP = 1,76, IC95%: 1,49 a 2,08); que usavam óculos (RP = 1,74, IC95%: 1,45 a 2,10), com autopercepção negativa da aparência dental (RP = 1,58, IC95%: 1,21 a 2,07), com reprovação escolar (RP = 1,23, IC95%: 1,01 a 1,51) ou que participaram em brigas no último ano (RP = 1,62, IC95%: 1,36 a 1,94). A associação entre discriminação e estado nutricional foi diferente conforme o sexo (P de interação = 0,009). Meninos magros relataram maior discriminação, enquanto aqueles com sobrepeso e obesidade apresentaram menor prevalência. Em meninas, a prevalência de discriminação foi maior entre as obesas, sendo esse efeito mais forte entre as ricas do que nas pobres. Conclusões. A discriminação autorrelatada foi prevalente e desigualmente distribuída na população. Intervenções para reduzir experiências discriminatórias devem ser implementadas em fases iniciais da vida.
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Gravidez não planejada no extremo Sul do Brasil: prevalência e fatores associados
(2011) Prietsch, Sílvio Omar Macedo; Chica, David Alejandro González; Cesar, Juraci Almeida; Sassi, Raul Andrés Mendonza
The purpose of this study was to investigate factors associated with unplanned pregnancies in Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. A standardized questionnaire was applied in 2007 to all pregnant women in the city, including demographic characteristics, childbearing history, socioeconomic status, and prenatal and childbirth care. The study used Poisson multivariate regression analysis with robust adjustment of variance. Among the 2,557 women included in the study, 65% had not planned the current pregnancy. After adjusting for confounders, the following variables were significantly associated with unplanned pregnancy: black or mixed race, age < 20 years, single marital status, low family income, household crowding, smoking, and multiparity. Previous abortion was a protective factor against unplanned pregnancy. The high unplanned pregnancy rate, especially among women with increased risk of complications during pregnancy and childbirth, highlights the need to target healthcare programs for this group.
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Iniquidade na assistência à gestação e ao parto em município do semiárido brasileiro
(2011) Mano, Patricia de Souza; Cesar, Juraci Almeida; Chica, David Alejandro González; Neumann, Nelson Arns
Objectives: to evaluate inequality in health care during gestation and delivery for women with children under five years of age resident in the Municipality of Caracol, in the Brazilian State of Piauí. Methods: a household questionnaire was applied to a cross-sectional systematic sample to collect data on the demographic characteristics of mothers and children, health care during pregnancy and deliver and socio-economic status. A tercile score was created using the principal component technique. The associations between this score and variables relating to health care for women during pregnancy and childbirth were evaluated using the chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: all the 405 children covered by the study came from families with an income of less than one minimum wage per month; 65% lived in rural areas. Mothers belonging to the highest socioconomic tercile had a larger number of pre-natal consults; they had the largest number of urine tests, hemograms, cytopathological tests of the cervix and ultrasound, and their babies were delivered by a doctor with a higher frequency of caesarian sections. Conclusions: even among the poorest sectors of society there are enormous health inequalities. It is imperative that the factors determining this poverty be addressed with more aggressive social programs and priority given to caring for the poorest of the poor.
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Prevalência e fatores associados à percepção de ocorrência de corrimento vaginal patológico entre gestantes
(2009) Cesar, Juraci Almeida; Sassi, Raúl Andrés Mendoza; Chica, David Alejandro González; Menezes, Eduardo Henrique Marques; Brink, Günther Bernardes; Pohlmann, Marcela; Fonseca, Tania Maria Morais Vieira da
This study aims to determine the prevalence self-reported abnormal vaginal discharge and to identify associated risk factors in pregnant women in the municipality of Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. A standardized questionaire was applied to all pregnant women admit ted for delivery in local maternity hospitals. The chi-square test was used to compare proportions, and Poisson regression was applied using multivariate analysis. Prevalence of vaginal discharge was 40%. Adjusted analysis showed the follow- ing prevalence ratios for vaginal discharge: 1.6 (1.4-1.8) for adolescents; 1.3 (1.1-1.6) for 8 years of schooling or less; 1.3 (1.1-1.5) for alcohol con- sumption; 2.0 (1.8-2.2) for vaginal discharge in the previous pregnancy; 1.4 (1.3-1.6) for urinary tract infection in the current pregnancy; and 0.8 (0.7-0.9) for history of prematurity. Local health services should target adolescent women, those with low schooling or low family income, and those with a history of vaginal discharge in the previous pregnancy or urinary tract infection in the current pregnancy.
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Público versus privado: avaliando a assistência à gestação e ao parto no extremo sul do Brasil
(2011) Cesar, Juraci Almeida; Mano, Patricia de Souza; Carlotto, Kharen; Chica, David Alejandro González; Sassi, Raul Andrés Mendonza
Objectives:to compare public and private sector maternity care in the municipality of Rio Grande, in the Brazilian State of Rio Grande do Sul. Methods: a standardized questionnaire was applied to all pregnant women residing in this municipality who had a child in 2007. All aspects, from the beginning of gestation to immediate postpartum were investigated. Statistical analysis took the form of comparison of proportions for these two groups, using the chi-squared test. Results: of the 2584 children born whose mothers resided in the municipality, information was obtained on 2557, representing 98.9% of the total. Of these mothers, 96% received at least one prenatal consultation. Pregnant women attended by the private sector began prenatal care earlier, had a larger number of medical consults, blood tests, pelvic ultrasound examinations, and gynecological examinations of the breasts and cytopathological examinations of the cervix. Pregnant women in the public sector had more urine tests and serum tests for syphilis and were often give iron sulfate supplements. All these differences were statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusions: pregnant women in the private sector systematically received better prenatal care in terms of consultations and examinations. Their delivery was more often carried out by a physician and they underwent more unnecessary interventions, such as a caesarian section or episiotomy, while they were less likely to receive iron supplements.
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Qualidade do DNA extraído a partir de amostras de saliva colhidas com o kit oragene .
(2009) Nunes, Ana Paula; Oliveira, Isabel Oliveira de; Millech, Cristine; Santos, Betânia Rodrigues dos; Silva, Liziane Pereira; Araújo, Cora Luiza Pavin; Chica, David Alejandro González; Madruga, Samanta Winck; Noal, Ricardo Bica; Dumith, Samuel de Carvalho; Mendonça, Fernanda dos Santos; Menezes, Ana Maria Baptista
Estudos do ciclo vital permitem avaliar efeitos a longo prazo de diferentes exposições sobre a saúde ou sobre o risco de doenças durante as várias fases da vida dos indivíduos, como na gestação, infância, adolescência, na fase adulta e no idoso. Neste sentido, os estudos de coortes de nascimentos são essenciais para investigar determinantes precoces da morbidade e do estado nutricional de adultos. Existem grandes estudos de coortes realizados em diferentes países, como o de ALSPAC (Ness, 2004) e o Millenium Cohort Study (Smith et al., 2002), ambos no Reino Unido; The Cebu Study (Team, 1991) nas Filipinas; The National Children’s Study, nos EUA (Landrigan et al., 2006) e Birth to Twenty na África do Sul (Richter et al., 2007). O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, do Departamento de Medicina Social da Faculdade de Medicina da UFPel possui três estudos de coorte de nascimentos: a coorte de 1982, a coorte de 1993 e a coorte de 2004. Nesses estudos todos os nascimentos ocorridos na cidade de Pelotas, RS-Brasil, nos respectivos anos, foram monitorados e as mães foram entrevistadas nas maternidades, sendo coletadas informações de caráter demográfico, biológico e sócio-econômico. Desde o nascimento, os participantes das coortes têm sido acompanhados em diferentes momentos de suas vidas. A coorte de 1993 estava composta inicialmente por 5.304 nascimentos ocorridos na zona urbana de Pelotas (Tomasi et al., 1996). Os indivíduos foram acompanhados com 1, 3, 6 e 12 meses; 4 e 11 anos e, mais recentemente, em 2008, com 14 e 15 anos. Neste último acompanhamento, amostras biológicas de saliva, alternativa não invasiva, foram coletadas com o kit Oragene®, para extração de DNA. Segundo o fabricante, o material colhido pode ser armazenado à temperatura ambiente por período indeterminado até que seja realizado a extração de DNA. Considerando a amostra de saliva colhida de cada indivíduos da coorte 1993 foi processada para a extração de DNA em dois momentos distintos, com intervalo de 8 meses entre a primeira e a segunda, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi comparar a quantidade e a qualidade do DNA obtido das extrações de saliva, no que se refere ao rendimento (mg) e à relação entre as absorbâncias 260/280nm (RAT) (tabela 1) respectivamente.
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Tabagismo materno durante a gestação e medidas antropométricas do recém-nascido: um estudo de base populacional no extremo sul do Brasil
(2011) Zhang, Linjie; Chica, David Alejandro González; Cesar, Juraci Almeida; Sassi, Raul Andrés Mendonza; Beskow, Bettina; Larentis, Natália; Blosfeld, Tatiana Mansur
This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the prevalence of maternal smoking during pregnancy and its impact on anthropometric measurements of newborns. A standardized questionnaire was applied to all pregnant women admitted for delivery in the maternity units in Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, in 2007. Measurements were taken of the newborns’ weight, length, and head circumference. Prevalence rates were 23% for maternal smoking during pregnancy and 29% for exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, compared with those whose mothers never smoked, newborns whose mothers smoked throughout pregnancy showed average decreases of 223.4 g in birth weight(95%CI:156.7;290.0), 0.94 cm in birth length(95%CI: 0.60;1.28), and 0.69 cm in head circumference (95%CI: 0.42-0.95). In conclusion, prevalence of maternal smoking during pregnancy was high in this municipality. Maternal smoking during pregnancy was inversely associated with birth weight, length, and head circumference.