Navegando por Autor "Menezes, Ana Maria Baptista"

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Associations of birth order with early growth and adolescent height, body composition, and blood pressure: prospective birth cohort from Brazil
(2011) Wells, Jonathan; Hallal, Pedro Rodrigues Curi; Reichert, Felipe Fossati; Dumith, Samuel de Carvalho; Menezes, Ana Maria Baptista; Victora, Cesar Gomes
Birth weight has been inversely associated with later blood pressure. Firstborns tend to have lower birth weight than their later-born peers, but the long-term consequences remain unclear. The study objective was to investigate differences between firstborn and later-born individuals in early growth patterns, body composition, and blood pressure in Brazilian adolescents. The authors studied 453 adolescents aged 13.3 years from the prospective 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort. Anthropometry, blood pressure, physical activity by accelerometry, and body composition by deuterium were measured. Firstborns (n¼ 143) had significantly lower birth weight than later borns (n¼ 310). At 4 years, firstborns had significantly greater weight and height, indicating a substantial overshoot in catch-up growth. In adolescence, firstborns had significantly greater height and blood pressure and a lower activity level. The difference in systolic blood pressure could be attributed to variability in early growth and that in diastolic blood pressure to reduced physical activity. The magnitude of increased blood pressure is clinically significant; hence, birth order is an important developmental predictor of cardiovascular risk in this population. Firstborns may be more sensitive to environmental factors that promote catch-up growth, and this information could potentially be used in nutritional management to prevent catch-up ‘‘overshoot.’’
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Consumo de carnes por adolescentes do Sul do Brasil
(2012) Assunção, Maria Cecília Formoso; Dumith, Samuel de Carvalho; Menezes, Ana Maria Baptista; Araújo, Cora Luiza Pavin; Schneider, Bruna Celestino; Vianna, Carolina Ávila; Machado, Eduardo Coelho; Wehrmeister, Fernando César; Muniz, Ludmila Correa; Zanini, Roberta de Vargas; Orlandi, Silvana Paiva; Madruga, Samanta Winck
Objetivo: Descrever a frequência de consumo de diferentes tipos de carnes conforme variáveis sociodemográficas e nutricionais, e analisar o consumo, em adolescentes do Sul do Brasil, de dieta rica em gordura conforme os tipos de carne consumidos. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado com adolescentes pertencentes à coorte de nascimentos de 1993, em Pelotas (RS). A frequência de consumo de carnes vermelhas, brancas, vísceras e embutidos foi avaliada por um Questionário de Frequência de Consumo Alimentar, adaptado para este estudo. A ingestão de dieta rica em gordura foi avaliada a partir do instrumento proposto por Block. As variáveis independentes foram sexo, cor da pele, nível socioeconômico, escolaridade materna e estado nutricional. Nas análises estatísticas, foram utilizados testes Qui-quadrado de heterogeneidade e de tendência linear. Resultados: Foram avaliados 4.325 adolescentes com idade média de 14,7, DP=0,3 anos, dos quais 51,2% eram do sexo feminino. A frequência de consumo diário de carnes vermelhas foi maior do que a de carnes brancas (43,0%e 9,7%, respectivamente). O consumo de embutidos por mais do que quatro vezes por semana foi referido por 48,5% dos indivíduos, e 81,4% relataram consumir vísceras raramente ou nunca. Adolescentes de maior nível socioeconômico e filhos de mães com maior escolaridade apresentaram maior consumo de carnes vermelhas e embutidos, enquanto aqueles em situação oposta apresentaram maior consumo de carnes brancas. Adolescentes que consomem carnes com maior frequência também consomem dieta rica em gordura. Conclusão: As carnes consumidas com maior frequência pelos adolescentes foram as vermelhas e os embutidos. No entanto, adolescentes de maior nível socioeconômico consomem carnes vermelhas com maior frequência, enquanto adolescentes menos favorecidos economicamente consomem mais carnes brancas.
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Discriminação auto-relatada por adolescentes de uma coorte de nascimentos brasileira: prevalência e fatores associados
(2012) Gonçalves, Helen; Dumith, Samuel de Carvalho; Chica, David Alejandro González; Menezes, Ana Maria Baptista; Araújo, Cora Luiza Pavin; Hallal, Pedro Rodrigues Curi; Bastos, João Luiz Dornelles
Objetivo. Avaliar a prevalência e os fatores associados à discriminação autorrelatada por adolescentes. Métodos. Análise transversal dos adolescentes pertencentes à coorte de nascidos vivos em 1993 na cidade de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Dos 5 249 membros da coorte, foram coletadas informações em 2004 e 2005 sobre discriminação autorrelatada, variáveis sociodemográficas, atributos físicos e estado nutricional em 4 452 adolescentes. Regressão de Poisson foi utilizada nas análises bruta e ajustada para estimar as razões de prevalência (RP). Resultados. A prevalência global de discriminação autorrelatada foi de 16,4%. Na análise ajustada, a discriminação foi mais relatada por meninas (RP = 1,27, IC95%: 1,10 a 1,48); heteroclassificados pretos (RP = 1,28, IC95%: 1,04 a 1,57); pelos mais pobres (RP = 1,58, IC95%: 1,23 a 2,02); os que se perceberam como muito magros ou muito gordos (RP = 1,81 e 1,54, respectivamente), com dificuldades financeiras familiares (RP = 1,76, IC95%: 1,49 a 2,08); que usavam óculos (RP = 1,74, IC95%: 1,45 a 2,10), com autopercepção negativa da aparência dental (RP = 1,58, IC95%: 1,21 a 2,07), com reprovação escolar (RP = 1,23, IC95%: 1,01 a 1,51) ou que participaram em brigas no último ano (RP = 1,62, IC95%: 1,36 a 1,94). A associação entre discriminação e estado nutricional foi diferente conforme o sexo (P de interação = 0,009). Meninos magros relataram maior discriminação, enquanto aqueles com sobrepeso e obesidade apresentaram menor prevalência. Em meninas, a prevalência de discriminação foi maior entre as obesas, sendo esse efeito mais forte entre as ricas do que nas pobres. Conclusões. A discriminação autorrelatada foi prevalente e desigualmente distribuída na população. Intervenções para reduzir experiências discriminatórias devem ser implementadas em fases iniciais da vida.
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Epidemiologia das pregas cutâneas triciptal e subescapular elevadas em adolescentes
(2008) Duquia, Rodrigo Pereira; Dumith, Samuel de Carvalho; Reichert, Felipe Fossati; Madruga, Samanta Winck; Duro, Luciano Nunes; Menezes, Ana Maria Baptista; Araújo, Cora Luiza Pavin
The objective of this study was to describe and compare the tricipital (TSF) and subscapular skinfold (SSF) thickness according to demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral, and biological characteristics in adolescents from Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. A cross-sectional study nested in a birth cohort (n = 4,452; mean age = 11 years) was conducted. The outcomes were defined as skinfold thickness ≥ 90th percentile of the National Center for Health Statistics reference curve. The prevalence rates for elevated TSF and SSF were 20.2% and 17.3%, respectively, in boys and 14.2% and 10.5% in girls. The strongest factor associated with adiposity in boys was socioeconomic status (p < 0.001), whereas among girls it was maternal body mass index (p < 0.001). Low physical activity (< 300 minutes/week) was associated with elevated SSF only among girls, while schooling was associated with increased TSF and SSF only among boys. Diet, skin color, and sedentary behavior were not associated with any of the outcomes. We concluded that the main predictors of adiposity were maternal and socioeconomic characteristics. We recommend that further studies on this issue apply other methods to estimate body composition in order to confirm our results.
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Estudo Prospectivo Sobre Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica (Dpoc): Incidência E Fatores De Risco Em 5 Anos.
(2010) Gigante, Denise Petrucci; Menezes, Ana Maria Baptista; Dumith, Samuel de Carvalho; Hallal, Pedro Rodrigues Curi; Menezes, Adriana Baptista
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Heavy alcohol consumption and associated factors: a population-based study
(2004) Costa, Juvenal Soares Dias da; Silveira, Mariângela Freitas da; Gazalle, Fernando Kratz; Oliveira, Sandro Schreiber de; Hallal, Pedro Rodrigues Curi; Menezes, Ana Maria Baptista; Gigante, Denise Petrucci; Maria Teresa Anselmo Olinto; Macedo, Silvia Elaine Cardozo
Objective To determine the prevalence of heavy alcohol consumption and factors associated with it in a Brazilian adult population.Methods Cross-sectional population-based study including 2,177 adults (aged 20 to 69),living in the urban area of the municipality of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.The sample was selected in multiple stages. Heavy alcohol consumption was defined as above 30g/day. The adjusted analysis was conducted by logistic regression.Results The prevalence of heavy alcohol consumption was 14.3% (29.2% among men and 3.7% among women). The following groups presented higher prevalences of heavy alcohol consumption after adjusted analysis: men, elderly people, blacks or mulattoes,heavy smokers, and people who present some kind of chronic disease. Men with minor psychiatric disorders showed higher prevalences of heavy alcohol consumption than other men. Among women, association between age and heavy alcohol consumption was inversely related. Furthermore, the study indicates that among hypertensive subjects, those with heavy alcohol consumption presented worse disease management. Conclusions Heavy alcohol consumption is high and results in countless negative consequences for the individual’s health and quality of life. Our results highlight the high prevalence of heavy alcohol consumption and indicate subsections of the whole population more susceptible to alcoholism.
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Hospital admissions from birth to early adolescence and early-life risk factors: the 11-year follow-up of the 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort study
(2010) Menezes, Ana Maria Baptista; Noal, Ricardo Bica; Cesar, Juraci Almeida; Hallal, Pedro Rodrigues Curi; Araújo, Cora Luiza Pavin; Dumith, Samuel de Carvalho; Barros, Fernando Celso Fernandes de; Victora, Cesar Gomes
The aim of this prospective analysis was to describe the cumulative incidence of hospital admissions in the first year of life and between 1 and 11 years of age and to explore associated factors. Hospital admissions were collected through regular monitoring in the first year of life, and through maternal report on admissions between 1 and 11 years. Analyses were stratified by sex and adjusted for confounding factors. 18.1% of children were hospitalized in the first year of life, and 30.7% between ages 1 and 11 years. Among boys, hospital admission in the first year was associated with low family income, paternal smoking during pregnancy, preterm delivery, and low birthweight. Among girls, in addition to the variables described for boys, black/mixed skin color was also a risk factor for hospital admission. For admissions between 1 and 11 years of age, low family income and gestational age ≥ 37 weeks were found to be significant risk factors.
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Infancy and childhood growth and physical activity in adolescence: prospective birth cohort study from Brazil
(2012) Hallal, Pedro Rodrigues Curi; Dumith, Samuel de Carvalho; Ekelund, Ulf; Reichert, Felipe Fossati; Menezes, Ana Maria Baptista; Victora, Cesar Gomes; Wells, Jonathan
Background: The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease hypothesis suggests that intrauterine, infancy and early childhood variables play a key role at programming later health. However, little is known on the programming of behavioral variables, because most studies so far focused on chronic disease-related and human capital. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of prenatal, infancy and childhood weight and length/height gains on objectively-measured physical activity (PA) in adolescence.Methods This is a prospective birth cohort study in Pelotas, Brazil, including 457 adolescents (mean age: 13.3 years) with weight and length/height data at birth, one, three and six months, one and four years of age. PA was measured using a GT1M Actigraph accelerometer, and expressed as (a) minutes per day spent on sedentary, light, moderate, vigorous and veryvigorous activities; (b) total counts per day. Results: 61.3% of the adolescents accumulated 60+ minutes of moderate-to-vigorous PA per day. Weight and length/height trajectories in infancy and childhood were similar between those classified as active or inactive at 13.3 years. However, those classified as inactive were heavier and taller at all ages; differences were statistically significant only in terms of length at three, six and 12 months.Conclusions: Weight gain in infancy and childhood did not predict variability in adolescent PA, but those active in adolescence showed somewhat smaller average gains in length in infancy. These findings suggest that PA may partially be sensitive to early hormonal programming, or that genetic factors may affect both early growth and later metabolism or predisposition for PA.
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Nutritional status of adolescents: the 11-year follow-up of the 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort study
(2010) Araújo, Cora Luiza Pavin; Dumith, Samuel de Carvalho; Menezes, Ana Maria Baptista; Hallal, Pedro Rodrigues Curi; Vieira, Maria de Fátima; Madruga, Samanta Winck; Victora, Cesar Gomes
We evaluate the influence of demographic, socioeconomic, and maternal variables on the nutritional status of adolescents aged 11 years. We conducted a prospective cohort study including 4,452 adolescents born in Pelotas, Southern Brazil, in 1993, accounting for 87.5% of the original cohort. Nutritional status was evaluated based on World Health Organization criteria. Subjects were classified according to nutritional status into thin, normal, overweight and obese. Independent variables analyzed included skin color, socioeconomic status, maternal schooling, and maternal body mass index (BMI). Analyses were stratified by sex, and multivariable regression was performed using the multinomial logistic approach. Overall, 7% of adolescents were classified as thin, 11.6% as overweight, and 11.6% as obese. Among boys, thinness was inversely associated with maternal schooling and maternal BMI. Among girls, thinness was directly associated with maternal BMI. Overweight and obesity were directly associated with socioeconomic status and maternal BMI, the former showing the strongest association with nutritional status among adolescents.
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Perfil de trabalho urbano de adolescentes de 14-15 anos: um estudo populacional no sul do Brasil
(2012) Gonçalves, Helen; Menezes, Ana Maria Baptista; Bacchieri, Giancarlo; Dilélio, Alitéia Santiago; Bocanegra, Carlos Alberto Delgado; Castilhos, Eduardo Dickie; Gallo, Erika Alejandra Giraldo; Fantinel, Everton José; Fiori, Nadia Spada; Meucci, Rodrigo Dalke; Araújo, Cora Luiza Pavin; Carvalho, Samuel
The scope of this article was to describe the urban work patterns among 14 to 15-yearold youths from Southern Brazil. Child labor was characterized as any activity that resulted in retribution in the form of goods, services or money. The analyses were stratified by sex and economic level. Of the 4325 adolescents interviewed, the proportion of labor in the last year was 22.2%, namely 27.7% for the male sex, and 17% for the female sex. This proportion was also higher among the poorer strata of the population (30.0%) than the more affluent (14.3%). The majority of adolescents worked away from home and approximately half of them began working before 14 years of age, and around 80.0% reported that they worked by choice. Only 1.0% had a labor contract or work booklet, 30.0% worked more than six hours per day, and the average income was less than US$85/month. Domestic work predominated among the poorest teenagers. There is a need for greater surveillance of child labor and of interventions seeking to enforce prevailing legislation.
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Peso medido versus peso percebido e fatores associados em adolescentes
(2010) Araújo, Cora Luiza Pavin; Dumith, Samuel de Carvalho; Menezes, Ana Maria Baptista; Hallal, Pedro Rodrigues Curi
Objetivo. Comparar a autopercepção corporal e o estado nutricional objetivamente medido por meio de peso, altura e pregas cutâneas em adolescentes e avaliar os fatores associados à discordância entre essas duas medidas. Métodos. A amostra incluiu os membros da coorte de nascimentos de 1993 na Cidade de Pelotas, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, que foram visitados em seus domicílios em 2004 e 2005. O desfecho em estudo resultou da comparação entre o estado nutricional e a percepção que os adolescentes tinham de seu peso corporal, sendo dividido em três categorias: subestimação, concordância e superestimação. As variáveis explanatórias foram sexo, cor da pele, índice de bens, sedentarismo, dieta inadequada, discriminação, regime para emagrecimento e sentimento de bem-estar e opinião do adolescente sobre como os pais percebiam o corpo desse adolescente. Para as análises estatísticas, empregou-se regressão logística multinomial. Resultados. Foram entrevistados 4 452 indivíduos (87,5% da coorte original). A média de idade foi de 11 anos. De acordo com o estado nutricional, 7,1% foram classificados como magros, 69,8% como eutróficos, 11,6% com sobrepeso e 11,6% com obesidade. Com relação ao peso percebido, 19% dos jovens se achavam magros ou muito magros, 56% se sentiam normais quanto ao peso e 25% se consideravam gordos ou muito gordos. A concordância global entre a autopercepção corporal do adolescente e seu estado nutricional foi de 65% (kappa = 0,36). A subestimação foi de 24,9% entre meninos vs. 20,3% entre meninas. A superestimação foi de 15,8 % entre meninas vs. 8,5% entre meninos. Conclusão. Houve tendência de as meninas superestimarem o seu peso corporal e de os meninos subestimarem o mesmo. Detectou-se também forte associação entre a opinião que os adolescentes acreditam que os pais têm de si e a autopercepção de estado nutricional dos adolescentes.
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Physical activity as a predictor of adolescent body fatness: a systematic review.
(2009) Reichert, Felipe Fossati; Menezes, Ana Maria Baptista; Wells, Jonathan; Dumith, Samuel de Carvalho; Hallal, Pedro Rodrigues Curi
Adolescent obesity has increased dramatically in several countries in recent decades; however, the contribution of physical activity level to adolescent adiposity requires clarification. This article investigates the effect of physical activity on subsequent levels of adiposity in adolescence. The methodological aspects of the studies included in this article, particularly in terms of measurement accuracy for both exposure (physical activity) and outcome (adiposity) variables, are also evaluated. Systematic searches of the literature were undertaken using online databases, including PubMed/MEDLINE, examination of citations and contacting of authors. The online databases were searched from their earliest records until 2007, Only longitudinal studies with 50 or more adolescents were included. Two independent reviewers assessed the quality of the studies using the Downs and Black checklist. Thirteen observational, five experimenta! and six quasi-experimental studies (without a control group) were identified. Almost all studies were carried out in highincome settings and showed protective effects of physical activity for both prevention and treatment of adolescent obesity. However, e.xpcrimental studies undertaken with obese adolescents at baseline usually combined physical activity with dietary changes, making it difficult to assess the effect of physical activity itself on the treatment of obesity. Physical activity estimated from questionnaires and body mass index (BMI) were the most frequently used measures. Despite the feasibility of using these approaches in epidemiological studies, significant limitations are evident. Questionnaires are subjective and adolescents may not report physical activity level accurately. Furthermore. BMI is not an accurate measure of fatness for adolescents, as it is also associated with lean mass, hence bias may arise from its longitudinal association with physical activity level. Despite the majority of studies reviewed showing protective effects of physical activity on adiposity, particularly in individuals who are obese at baseline, the current literature on this issue is sparse and several methodological drawbacks are evident. The main limitations relate to a lack of validity in the measurements of both physical activity and body composition. Further studies are needed in order to generate evidence-based recommendations for the quantity and quality of adolescent physical activity required to prevent or treat adolescent obesity.
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Physical activity prevalence and correlates among adolescents from Southern Brazil
(2010) Dumith, Samuel de Carvalho; Domingues, Marlos Rodrigues; Gigante, Denise Petrucci; Hallal, Pedro Rodrigues Curi; Menezes, Ana Maria Baptista; Kohl, Harold
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence and identify correlates of physical activity among adolescents. METHODS: Cross-sectional study nested within a cohort of 4,325 subjects from the city of Pelotas, Southern Brazil, aged 14-15 years in 2008. Physical activity was analyzed using three different approaches: (1) prevalence of any leisure-time physical activity; (2) prevalence of any active commuting to school; and (3) prevalence of engaging in at least 300 minutes per week of both (1) and (2) combined. Independent variables included sociodemographic, behavioral, social, and biological characteristics, and number of different leisure-time physical activites practiced. Statistical analyses were carried out using Poisson regression. RESULTS: The proportion of adolescents involved in any type of leisure-time physical activity was 75.6%, while 73.4% displayed some form of active commuting to school. Prevalence of total physical activity score (≥ 300 min/ week) was 48.2%, being greater among boys (62.6%) than among girls (34.5%). Furthermore, prevalence increased along with the number of physical activity modalities practiced (p<0.001). Factors associated with greater physical activity (leisure + commuting) at the recommended levels were: nonwhite ski acolor, having failed at school, and playing videogames. Lower socioeconomic status, more time spent on the computer, and parental physical activity were associated with the outcome only among girls. CONCLUSIONS: Less than half the adolescents reached recommended levels of physical activity, and this proportion tended to decrease among subjects with higher socioeconomic level. Associated factors were different for leisure-time and commuting. Engaging in a wide variety of physical activities should be encouraged already during childhood.
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Predictors of weight change from 11 to 15 years of age: 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort Study.
(2012) Madruga, Samanta Winck; Azevedo, Mario Renato; Araújo, Cora Luiza Pavin; Menezes, Ana Maria Baptista; Hallal, Pedro Rodrigues Curi
Evidence has shown the negative effects of unsupervised diets and those with excessive calorie restriction. The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of adolescents engaging in weight loss dieting and associated factors. This was a cross-sectional study of 4,452 adolescents born in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, in 1993. The outcome was defined as adolescents that reported having practiced some type of weight loss dieting in the previous 12 months. Prevalence of such dieting was 8.6% (95%CI: 7.7;9.4), and was higher in girls. Elevated maternal body mass index (BMI) was associated with dieting among girls. The adolescent’s and parents’ view of the adolescent’s weight, excess weight, and consumption of diet or light soft drinks were associated with adolescent dieting. There was a positive association between dieting and socioeconomic status. The findings provide important backing for policies aimed at improving adolescents’ diet, since they express a major concern over weight and thus a significant percentage of individuals with erroneous and unhealthy behaviors.
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Prevalência e fatores associados à prática de esportes individuais e coletivos em adolescentes pertencentes a uma coorte de nascimentos
(2009) Silva, Suele Manjourany; Knuth, Alan Goularte; Del Duca, Giovâni Firpo; Camargo, Maria Beatriz Junqueira de; Cruz, Suélen Henriques da; Castagno, Victor; Menezes, Ana Maria Baptista; Hallal, Pedro Rodrigues Curi
O presente estudo investigou a prática de esportes individuais e coletivos e fatores associados em jovens com idade média de 11 anos, pertencentes a uma coorte de nascimentos. Informações dos jovens e de suas mães foram coletadas por meio de questionários. O desfecho foi dividido em prática de esportes individuais e coletivos. Uma análise por meio de regressão de Poisson foi conduzida para estabelecer os fatores associados à prática esportiva, obedecendo a um modelo conceitual de análise com as variáveis independentes hierarquizadas. Um total de 4350 jovens foi estudado. A prática de esportes coletivos foi menor nas meninas - 68,1% (IC95% 66,2 - 70,0) em comparação aos meninos - 82,1% (IC95% 80,5 - 83,7). Nos esportes individuais, a prevalência foi de 12,9% (IC95% 11,6 - 14,4) e 18,9% (IC95% 17,3 - 20,6) em meninas e meninos, respectivamente. Entre as meninas, a prática de esportes individuais relacionou-se diretamente com nível econômico e inversamente com assistir televisão. Nos meninos este desfecho associou-se com estudar em escolas privadas e ter mães fisicamente ativas. Em esportes coletivos, a prática foi menor naqueles que despendem maior tempo assistindo TV. Em ambos os sexos houve uma relação direta entre o uso regular do vídeo-game e a prática de esportes. Políticas públicas devem considerar os diferentes aspectos relacionados à prática esportiva e atender a disparidades socioeconômicas no acesso a diferentes modalidades esportivas. Além disso, o maior acesso a diferentes locais de práticas esportivas, bem como o incentivos de pais, amigos e ambiente escolar devem ser fortalecidos.
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Prevalência e fatores de risco para tabagismo em adolescentes na América do Sul: uma revisão sistemática da literatura
(2003) Maia, Maria de Fátima Santos; Chatkin, Moema Nudilemon; Malcon, Maura; Menezes, Ana Maria Baptista; Victora, Cesar Gomes
OBJETIVO: Descrever a prevalência do tabagismo em adolescentes e os fatores associados ao tabagismo nesse grupo etário na América do Sul. MÉTODOS: Foram pesquisadas as bases de dados MEDLINE (1966–2002) e Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciencias da Saúde ("Lilacs") (1982–2002), além de documentos governamentais e não-governamentais e sites na Internet. Foram identificados 315 artigos, dos quais 45 foram considerados relevantes para o presente trabalho. RESULTADOS: Em todos países estudados, foi grande a variação nos níveis de prevalência; tal variação dependeu, em parte, do grupo etário enfocado e da definição de fumante utilizada no estudo. O hábito de fumar entre irmãos e amigos foi o principal fator de risco para tabagismo na adolescência. O baixo rendimento escolar, a idade mais avançada, o sexo masculino, o trabalho remunerado e a separação dos pais também foram identificados como fatores de risco. CONCLUSÃO: São necessários mais estudos de base populacional representativos dessa faixa etária e critérios uniformes para definir os fumantes.
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Problemas de saúde mental e tabagismo em adolescentes do Sul do Brasil
(2011) Menezes, Ana Maria Baptista; Dumith, Samuel de Carvalho; Mesa, Jeovany Martínez; Silva, Alexandre Emidio Ribeiro; Cascaes, Andreia Morales; Domínguez, Giovanna Gatica; Ferreira, Fabiana Vargas; França, Giovanny Araújo; Damé, Josiane Dias; Ngale, Katia Marcia Antonio; Araújo, Cora Luiza Pavin; Anselmi, Luciana
OBJETIVO: Analisar a associação entre problemas de saúde mental e uso de tabaco em adolescentes. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados 4.325 adolescentes de 15 anos da coorte de nascimentos de 1993 da cidade de Pelotas, RS. Tabagismo foi defi nido como fumar um ou mais cigarros nos últimos 30 dias. Saúde mental foi avaliada de acordo com o escore total do questionário Strengths and Diffi culties Questionnaire e escore maior ou igual a 20 pontos foi considerado como positivo. Os dados foram analisados por regressão de Poisson, com ajuste robusto para variância. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de tabagismo foi 6,0% e cerca de 30% dos adolescentes apresentaram algum tipo de problema de saúde mental. Na análise bruta, a razão de prevalências para tabagismo foi de 3,3 (IC95% 2,5; 4,2). Após ajuste (para sexo, idade, cor da pele, renda familiar, escolaridade da mãe, grupo de amigos fumantes, trabalho no último ano, repetência escolar, atividade física de lazer e uso experimental de bebida alcoólica), diminuiu para 1,7 (IC95% 1,2; 2,3) entre aqueles com problemas de saúde mental. CONCLUSÕES: Problemas de saúde mental na adolescência podem ter relação com o consumo de tabaco.
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Qualidade do DNA extraído a partir de amostras de saliva colhidas com o kit oragene .
(2009) Nunes, Ana Paula; Oliveira, Isabel Oliveira de; Millech, Cristine; Santos, Betânia Rodrigues dos; Silva, Liziane Pereira; Araújo, Cora Luiza Pavin; Chica, David Alejandro González; Madruga, Samanta Winck; Noal, Ricardo Bica; Dumith, Samuel de Carvalho; Mendonça, Fernanda dos Santos; Menezes, Ana Maria Baptista
Estudos do ciclo vital permitem avaliar efeitos a longo prazo de diferentes exposições sobre a saúde ou sobre o risco de doenças durante as várias fases da vida dos indivíduos, como na gestação, infância, adolescência, na fase adulta e no idoso. Neste sentido, os estudos de coortes de nascimentos são essenciais para investigar determinantes precoces da morbidade e do estado nutricional de adultos. Existem grandes estudos de coortes realizados em diferentes países, como o de ALSPAC (Ness, 2004) e o Millenium Cohort Study (Smith et al., 2002), ambos no Reino Unido; The Cebu Study (Team, 1991) nas Filipinas; The National Children’s Study, nos EUA (Landrigan et al., 2006) e Birth to Twenty na África do Sul (Richter et al., 2007). O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, do Departamento de Medicina Social da Faculdade de Medicina da UFPel possui três estudos de coorte de nascimentos: a coorte de 1982, a coorte de 1993 e a coorte de 2004. Nesses estudos todos os nascimentos ocorridos na cidade de Pelotas, RS-Brasil, nos respectivos anos, foram monitorados e as mães foram entrevistadas nas maternidades, sendo coletadas informações de caráter demográfico, biológico e sócio-econômico. Desde o nascimento, os participantes das coortes têm sido acompanhados em diferentes momentos de suas vidas. A coorte de 1993 estava composta inicialmente por 5.304 nascimentos ocorridos na zona urbana de Pelotas (Tomasi et al., 1996). Os indivíduos foram acompanhados com 1, 3, 6 e 12 meses; 4 e 11 anos e, mais recentemente, em 2008, com 14 e 15 anos. Neste último acompanhamento, amostras biológicas de saliva, alternativa não invasiva, foram coletadas com o kit Oragene®, para extração de DNA. Segundo o fabricante, o material colhido pode ser armazenado à temperatura ambiente por período indeterminado até que seja realizado a extração de DNA. Considerando a amostra de saliva colhida de cada indivíduos da coorte 1993 foi processada para a extração de DNA em dois momentos distintos, com intervalo de 8 meses entre a primeira e a segunda, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi comparar a quantidade e a qualidade do DNA obtido das extrações de saliva, no que se refere ao rendimento (mg) e à relação entre as absorbâncias 260/280nm (RAT) (tabela 1) respectivamente.
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Resting pulse rate among adolescents: the 11-year follow-up of the 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort study
(2010) Hallal, Pedro Rodrigues Curi; Menezes, Ana Maria Baptista; Bertoldi, Andréa Dâmaso; Dumith, Samuel de Carvalho; Araújo, Cora Luiza Pavin
The aim of this study was to describe resting pulse rate and associated factors among adolescents. This was a cross-sectional analysis nested in a prospective cohort study, including 4,452 adolescents born in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil in 1993, representing 87.5% of the original cohort. Pulse rate was measured with an electronic device at the beginning and end of the interview, and the mean value was used in the analyses. Mean pulse rate was 78.4bpm (SD = 11.0) in the total sample, 76.5bpm (SD = 10.7) in boys, and 80.2bpm (SD = 10.9; p < 0.001) in girls. Black adolescents showed lower mean pulse rates. There was a direct association between pulse rate and blood pressure. Physical activity was inversely associated with pulse rate in the crude analysis only. Elevated pulse rate is strongly associated with high blood pressure, and both variables are predictors of risk of chronic disease in adulthood.
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Sedentary behavior in adolescents: the 11-year follow-up of the 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort study
(2010) Dumith, Samuel de Carvalho; Hallal, Pedro Rodrigues Curi; Menezes, Ana Maria Baptista; Araújo, Cora Luiza Pavin
The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of sedentary behavior and investigate associated factors in adolescents 11 years of age from the 1993 birth cohort in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Sedentary behavior was investigated with a questionnaire, and was defined as spending more than two hours per day watching television, playing videogames, or using the computer. Of the 4,452 adolescents interviewed, 98% reported watching television, 44% playing videogames, and 22% using the computer. The average time spent on each of these electronic media was 197, 36, and 17 minutes per day, respectively. Prevalence of sedentary behavior was 79.7% (95%CI: 78.6; 80.9) and showed a positive association with socioeconomic level and nutritional status and a negative association with well-being. These 11-year-olds spent extensive time at TV viewing, videogames, and the computer. Special attention should be given to the most exposed groups of adolescents, including the more affluent, overweight, and those with limited schooling.