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URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://rihomolog.furg.br/handle/1/515
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Resultados da Pesquisa
- ItemApplication of the computational modeling in the resin transfer molding (RTM) process: a case study of a marine propeller(2012) Porto, Joseane da Silva; Letzow, Max; Santos, Elizaldo Domingues dos; Souza, Jeferson Avila; Isoldi, Liércio André; Amico, Sandro CamposThis work presents one example of how the computational modeling can help in the Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) process when it is applied to the production of parts with complex geometry, such as the marine propellers. This manufacture process of composite material parts consists in the injection of a polymeric resin into a closed mold where a fibrous reinforcement is previously placed. The numerical simulation of the RTM process can be considered as the resin flow through a porous media. This computational model was developed in the FLUENT package, which is based on the Finite Volume Method (FVM), and was applied to study a propeller for naval propulsion. As the propeller has a complex format, the use of computational approach as a preliminar step in the manufacturing process is very important for the correct definition of the inlet and outlet nozzles. So, it is possible to design an efficient mold, avoinding extras costs related with the mold redesign, the resin waste and the increase of injection time. The results showed that an inadequate positioning of the mold outlet nozzles causes an increase about 10% and 2% in the production time and in the resin amount, respectively, for obtaining the marine propeller by RTM process.
- ItemA numerical methodology for permeability determination of reinforcements for polymeric composites(2012) Souza, Jeferson Avila; Isoldi, Liércio André; Santos, Elizaldo Domingues dos; Oliveira, Cristiano Peres; Amico, Sandro CamposThis work focus on developing a numerical methodology for the determination of permeability of RTM reinforcements. The method allows the calculation of the three permeability components (Kxx, Kyy and Kzz) from a set of time dependent flow front coordinates data; one coordinate for each permeability component. An initial guess is set for the permeabilities and the difference between numerical and experimental values of flow front position at a specific time is minimized with the solution of an algebraic system of equations. Newton-Raphson method was used to solve the non-linear system of equations. The results presented in this paper were obtained for a rectilinear (1D) and a radial 2D problem, both with analytical solutions for the flow front position as a function of time. For the 1D comparison between the numerically calculated Kxx and the analytical value agreed within 1.7% and, for the 2D radial problem, numerical and analytical values of Kxx and Kyy agreed within 1.3%.
- ItemNumerical simulation and constructal theory applied for geometric optimization of thin perforated plates subject to elastic buckling(2013) Correia, Anderson Luis Garcia; Helbig, Daniel; Real, Mauro de Vasconcellos; Santos, Elizaldo Domingues dos; Isoldi, Liércio AndréMany elements in engineering are formed by thin plates. Hulls and decks of ships are examples of application. These elements can have holes that serve as inspection port, access or even to weight reduction. The presence of holes causes a redistribution of the membrane stresses in the plate, significantly altering their stability. In this paper the Bejan’s Constructal Theory was employed to discover the best geometry of thin perforated plates submitted to elastic buckling phenomenon. To study this behavior simply supported rectangular plates with a centered elliptical perforation were analyzed. The purpose was to obtain the optimal geometry which maximizes the critical buckling load. For this, the degrees of freedom H/L (ratio between width and length of the plate) and H0/L0 (ratio between the characteristic dimensions of the hole) were varied. Moreover, different values of hole volume fraction ϕ (ratio between the perforation volume and the massive plate volume) were also investigated. A computational modeling, based on the Finite Element Method (FEM), was used for assessing the plate buckling load. The results showed that Constructal Design can be employed not only in the heat transfer and fluid flow problems, but also to define the best shapes in solid mechanics problems.
- ItemConstructal design of perforated steel plates subject to linear elastic and nonlinear elastoplastic buckling(2013) Helbig, Daniel; Real, Mauro de Vasconcellos; Correia, Anderson Luis Garcia; Santos, Elizaldo Domingues dos; Isoldi, Liércio AndréSteel plates are used in a great variety of engineering applications, such as deck and bottom of ship structures, and platforms of offshore structures. Cutouts are often provided in plate elements for inspection, maintenance, and service purposes. So, the design of shape and size of these holes is significant. Usually these plates are subjected to axial compressive forces which make them prone to instability or buckling. If the plate is slender, the buckling is elastic. However, if the plate is sturdy, it buckles in the plastic range causing the so-called inelastic (or elasto-plastic) buckling.Therefore, the goal of this work is to obtain the optimal geometry which maximizes the buckling load for steel plates with a centered elliptical perforation when subjected to linear and nonlinear buckling phenomenon by means of Constructal Design. To do so, numerical models were developed in ANSYS software to evaluate the elastic and elasto-plastic buckling loads of simply supported and uniaxially loaded rectangular plates with elliptical cutouts. The results indicated that the optimal shapes were obtained in accordance with the Constructal Principle of "Optimal Distribution of Imperfections", showing that the Constructal Design method can be satisfactorily employed in mechanic of materials problems.
- ItemNumerical analysis of a regular wave over a vertical pile with a square section(2010) Teixeira, Paulo Roberto de Freitas; Gomes, Mateus das Neves; Santos, Elizaldo Domingues dos; Isoldi, Liércio André; Rocha, Luiz Alberto OliveiraThe study of the action of waves on piles is very important for the design of structures in coastal and oceanic areas. Currently, there is strong interest in analyzing the action of waves on piles with non-circular sections, such as rectangular or square ones. According to Vengatesan et al. (2000), the main reason for this interest is the low cost of the connections of the members in the structures with these sections. The objective of this paper is to analyze the action of a regular wave on a vertical pile with a square section employing two differents numerical methodologies for prediction of the wave fluid dynamic. To achieve this goal were used the FLUINCO and FLUENT® softwares. FLUINCO (Teixeira, 2001) employs a partitioned two-step semi-implicit Taylor-Galerkin method in the Navier-Stokes equations. The free surface is governed by its kinematic boundary condition and an arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) formulation is used to enable movements of the free surface. The FLUENT® code (2006), version 6.3.26, implements a finite volume technique to solve the equation of continuity and the Navier-Stokes equations. The free surface is described by using the VOF method (Volume Of Fluid). The wave period of the studied problem is 4s and its height is 0.05 m. The pile is seated on the bottom and located in the center of a channel. The dimensions of the pile section are 1m × 1m and the channel is 30m long, 10m wide and 1m deep. This paper shows the results obtained by the models in terms of the velocity vectors, the deformation of the free surface and the drag force caused by the wave on the pile. The total horizontal force acting on the pile was analytically calculated using the Morison equation. It was observed very similar results to the numerical ones.
- ItemAn original procedure to determine transverse permeability using a multilayer reinforcement in RTM(2010) Oliveira, Cristiano Peres; Souza, Jeferson Avila; Isoldi, Liércio André; Rocha, Luiz Alberto Oliveira; Amico, Sandro Campos; Silva, Rafael Diego Sonaglio daResin Transfer Molding (RTM) is a manufacturing process for polymer composites parts for a variety of uses. The numerical simulation of the resin flow into the mold can be used to minimize costs related to mold design and the manufacturing process itself. However, to obtain realistic results, accurate information about the resin and the reinforcement media are necessary. In the multilayer RTM, distinct porous media layers are stacked to obtain a final composite with better performance. For the numerical simulation of the multilayer RTM, transverse permeability (Kzz) data are necessary. This work proposes an original methodology to determine the transverse permeability in multilayer RTM composites, assuming that the in-plane permeabilities (Kxx and Kyy) are known and using this information, combined with experimental data obtained during mold filling. The motivation of this study is the fact that the transverse permeability is usually not available in the literature, being referred to as a difficult parameter to be directly determined using experiments.
- ItemConstructal design of non-uniform x-shaped cavity(2013) Link, Fernanda Bichet; Santos, Elizaldo Domingues dos; Isoldi, Liércio André; Rocha, Luiz Alberto de OliveiraThis paper applies constructal design to study a non-uniform X-shaped cavity that penetrates a conductive solid wall. The goal is to minimize the maximal dimensionless excess of temperature between the solid body and cavity. There is a uniform heat generation on the solid body. The total volume and the volume of the cavity are fixed, but the angle formed between the stems of the cavity may vary. The cavity surfaces are isothermal while the solid body has adiabatic conditions in the outer surface. Results indicate that the optimal X-cavity performs 60.1% better than the Cshaped cavity and 44% better than the T-shaped cavity. However, it has a performance approximately 38% inferior than the performance of the optimized H-shaped cavity.
- ItemComputational modeling of the resin transfer molding process(2009) Oliveira, Cristiano Peres; Souza, Jeferson Avila; Isoldi, Liércio André; Rocha, Luiz Alberto de Oliveira; Amico, Sandro CamposThe Resin Transfer Molding, or RTM, process has recently become one of the most important processes of fiber reinforced composites manufacturing. The process consists essentially of three stages: “an arrangement of fiber mats in a mold cavity, a mold filling by a polymeric resin and a curing phase”. Most of the difficulties of incorporating RTM occur during the filling stage. To create an acceptable composite part the preform must be completely impregnated with resin. The conditions which most strongly influence the flow are mold geometry, resin rheology, preform permeability, and location of the injection ports and vents. There are different types of RTM process, e.g. RTM Light or VARTM, employed in accordance with the final desired characteristics and properties of composite components. Besides, RTM may also be carried out using multilayers, with distinct characteristics. The numerical simulation of the mold filling stage becomes an important tool which helps the mold designer to understand the process parameters. Considering the fibrous preform as a porous media, the phenomenon can be modeled by Darcy’s law to describe resin flow. This study used two commercial softwares, FLUENT® and PAM-RTM®. FLUENT® is a general Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code, based on Finite Volume Method (FVM). It applies the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method to solve the filling problem because it does not have a specific RTM module. PAM-RTM® is a specific package for RTM problems, based on the Finite Element Method (FEM). These tools were applied to simulate numerically several RTM examples of the resin flow into the mold and the results for both softwares were compared with previous works.
- ItemConstructal design applied to the light resin transfer molding (LRTM) manufacturing process(2013) Isoldi, Liércio André; Souza, Jeferson Avila; Santos, Elizaldo Domingues dos; Marchesini, Renato; Porto, Joseane da Silva; Letzow, Max; Rocha, Luiz Alberto de Oliveira; Amico, Sandro CamposThe Light Resin Transfer Molding (LRTM) is a manufacturing process where a closed mold pre-loaded with a porous fibrous preform is filled by a liquid resin injected through an empty channel (without porous medium) which runs all around the perimeter of the mold, producing polymeric composite parts. Using the capability of FLUENT® package to simulate a multiphase flow (resin and air) in a geometry composed by porous media regions and empty regions, a computational model based on the Finite Volume Method (FVM) was applied to reproduce the resin flow behavior during the LRTM process. The aim of this work was to define the optimal geometry for the empty channel (border) by means the Constructal Design method. To do so, considering a border with a rectangular cross sectional area, the degree of freedom wb/tb (ratio between the width and thickness of the border) can vary while the border volume is kept constant. The results showed that employing the Constructal Design it is possible to decrease the filling time of the LRTM process in almost 20 %, being this an unpublished use for the Constructal Theory.
- ItemNumerical study of resin distribution in two different arrangements of vascular channels by means of constructal design(2013) Machado, Roselaine Neves; Isoldi, Liércio André; Santos, Elizaldo Domingues dos; Rocha, Luiz Alberto de OliveiraIn the present work two different arrangements of vascular channels are studied numerically and their geometry is optimized by means of Constructal Design. The main purpose is to seek for the best geometry which minimizes the resin flow resistance inside the channels. The arrangement of vascular channels consists in two horizontal channels of diameter D2 connected with two vertical channels of diameter D1. The channels of resin flow are distributed in a solid domain with two different ratios of height and length (H/L = 0.67 and 1.5) in order to illustrate the process of regeneration of composite materials. For all of evaluated configurations the ratio between the areas occupied by the channels and by the solid domain are kept fixed (ϕ = 0.1). It is considered a two dimensional, laminar and steady state flow (ReD2 = 1.0). The conservation equations of mass and momentum are solved numerically by means of the finite volume method (FVM). The results showed that the optimal geometric configuration has a flow resistance several times lower than that found with the worst geometry. For example, for H/L = 0.67, the ratio (D1/D2)o = 0.76 conduct to a fluid dynamic performance nearly 32 times superior than that found for D1/D2 = 0.1. It is also noticed that the best shapes are achieved when the pressure and velocity fields has the most homogeneous distribution, i.e., according to the constructal principle of “optimal distribution of imperfections”.