FAMED – Faculdade de Medicina
URI permanente desta comunidadehttps://rihomolog.furg.br/handle/1/2422
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15 resultados
Resultados da Pesquisa
- ItemThe BACTEC MGIT™ 320 system as a laboratory tool to diagnose tuberculosis in a Brazilian hospital with a high prevalence of HIV infection(2016) Brum, Clarice Brinck; Soares, Daniela Fernandes Ramos; Abilleira, Fernanda de Souza; Silva, Ana Bárbara Scholante; Groll, Andrea Von; Silva, Pedro Eduardo Almeida daIntroduction: The World Health Organization endorses the BACTEC Mycobacterial Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT)™ system as a rapid, sensitive, and specifi c method to diagnostic of tuberculosis. Here, we compared the performance of this system against Ogawa-Kudoh cultures and microscopy. Methods: A total of 927 samples were obtained between December 2011 and December 2013 from 652 cases of suspected tuberculosis at the School Hospital of the Federal University of Rio Grande in Brazil. Results: The MGIT system confi rmed tuberculosis in more cases in less time. Conclusions: The MGIT system is an effective tool for early diagnosis of tuberculosis, especially in patients with HIV/AIDS.
- ItemMolecular typing of Mycobacterium bovis isolates: A review(2014) Soares, Daniela Fernandes Ramos; Tavares, Lucas; Silva, Pedro Eduardo Almeida da; Dellagostin, Odir AntonioMycobacterium bovis is the main causative agent of animal tuberculosis (TB) and it may cause TB in humans. Molecular typing of M. bovis isolates provides precise epidemiological data on issues of inter- or intra-herd transmission and wildlife reservoirs. Techniques used for typing M. bovis have evolved over the last 2 decades, and PCR-based methods such as spoligotyping and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) have been extensively used. These techniques can provide epidemiological information about isolates of M. Bovis that may help control bovine TB by indicating possible links between diseased animals, detecting and sampling outbreaks, and even demonstrating cases of laboratory cross-contamination between samples. This review will focus on techniques used for the molecular typing of M. bovis and discuss their general aspects and applications.
- ItemPreparative Isolation of Antimycobacterial Shoreic Acid from Cabralea canjerana by High Speed Countercurrent Chromatography(2008) Leitão, Gilda Guimarães; Abreu, Lisandra Ferreira de; Costa, Fernanda das Neves; Brum, Thiago Braga; Soares, Daniela Fernandes Ramos; Silva, Pedro Eduardo Almeida da; Lourenço, Maria Cristina da Silva; Leitão, Suzana GuimarãesHigh speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) was used to isolate the dammarane type triterpene shoreic acid from the dichloromethane extract of leaves of Cabralea canjerana, which showed activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A preparative scale-up of the process was also developed.
- ItemNitrate reductase assay using sodium nitrate for rapid detection of multidrug resistant tuberculosis(2012) Macedo, Maíra Bidart de; Groll, Andrea Von; Fissette, Krista; Palomino, Juan Carlos; Silva, Pedro Eduardo Almeida da; Martin, AnandiWe validated the nitrate reductase assay (NRA) for the detection of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-TB) using sodium nitrate (NaNO3) in replacement of potassium nitrate (KNO3) as nitrate source. NaNO3 is cheaper than KNO3 and has no restriction on use which facilitates the implementation of NRA to detect MDR-TB.
- ItemRespiratory symptoms and active tuberculosis in a prison in southern Brazil: associated epidemiologic variables(2013) Rocha, Jeane Zanini da; Valença, Mariana Soares; Carrion, Lillian Lucas; Silva, Lande Vieira da; Groll, Andrea Von; Silva, Pedro Eduardo Almeida daBackgound and Objectives: This study is justified by the high TB prevalence in prisons, which constitutes a public health problem and aims to estimate the prevalence of active tuberculosis (TB) and determine the variables associated with respiratory symptoms in a prison in Brazil. Methods: This is a descriptive study of 262 inmates divided into respiratory symptomatic and asymptomatic groups. Samples were evaluated by microscopy following the cultivation of the sputum from symptomatic individuals. Associated epidemiological variables were also evaluated. Results: Among the 262 inmates included, 178 (68%) were considered symptomatic, and of these, 25 (14%) were diagnosed with active TB. The contribution of culturing in the detection of TB cases was 48%. The prevalence of active TB was 9,542/100.000. Low educational level, use of drugs and alcohol, prison recidivism, and previous TB and HIV-positive status were associated with the presence of respiratory symptoms. Being male, single, black, a prison recidivist, an alcoholic and HIV-seropositive was associated with the development of TB. The rate of TB/HIV co-infection was 60%. The outcome was death in 12% of patients. Drug therapy interruption was reported by 96% of patients. Conclusions: The studied population showed a high prevalence of TB and TB/HIV co-infection. In addition, the rates of drug therapy interruption and mortality were alarmingly elevated.
- ItemThe BACTEC MGIT™ 320 system as a laboratory tool to diagnose tuberculosis in a brazilian hospital with a high prevalence of HIV infection(2016) Brum, Clarice Brinck; Soares, Daniela Fernandes Ramos; Abilleira, Fernanda de Souza; Silva, Ana Bárbara Scholante; Groll, Andrea Von; Silva, Pedro Eduardo Almeida daABSTRACT Introduction: The World Health Organization endorses the BACTEC Mycobacterial Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT)™ system as a rapid, sensitive, and specifi c method to diagnostic of tuberculosis. Here, we compared the performance of this system against Ogawa-Kudoh cultures and microscopy. Methods: A total of 927 samples were obtained between December 2011 and December 2013 from 652 cases of suspected tuberculosis at the School Hospital of the Federal University of Rio Grande in Brazil. Results: The MGIT system confi rmed tuberculosis in more cases in less time. Conclusions: The MGIT system is an effective tool for early diagnosis of tuberculosis, especially in patients with HIV/AIDS.
- ItemEvaluation of direct microplate nitrate reductase assay as a rapid method for the detection of multiple and extensively tuberculosis drug resistance(2015) Abilleira, Fernanda de Souza; Brum, Clarice Brinck; Groll, Andrea Von; Silva, Pedro Eduardo Almeida daIntroduction: Reports of Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to multiple drugs are increasing globally and laboratories are becoming increasingly aware of the need for drug susceptibility testing. In recent years, due to the long time required by conventional drug susceptibility testing, new approaches have been proposed for faster detection of drug resistance, such as the nitrate reductase assay, considered fast and inexpensive, making it a good diagnostic tool for low resource countries. Objective: The present study proposed a fast direct colorimetric drug susceptibility testing method in a microplate format using solid medium. Materials and methods: The diagnostic accuracy was evaluated by comparing the proportion method with the direct nitrate reductase assay in plates. Frozen sputum samples, known to be positive, were decontaminated and processed by Petroff method. The decontaminated suspension was used to perform direct nitrate reductase assay in 7H11 medium using 1 µg/ml rifampicin (RIF), 0.2 µg/ml isoniazid (INH), 2 µg/ml ofloxacin (OFX), 6 µg/ml kanamycin (KAN), 2 µg/ml amikacin (AMK) and 10 µg/ ml capreomycin (CAP). Eighty-four samples were tested and the results for 69% of them were available within 21 days. Results: The sensitivity and specificity compared to the proportion method, was 98.5% and 100% for INH, 98.3% and 96.2% for RIF, 91.7% and 100% for KAN, 78.8% and 97.3% for OFX, 100% and 100% for AMK and CAP, respectively. Conclusion: The results lead to the conclusion that direct nitrate reductase assay, in this new format, is an accurate, quick and inexpensive method to determine the susceptibility profile of M. tuberculosis and may become an alternative for countries with limited resources.
- ItemFitness study of the RDRio lineage and LAM family of mycobacterium tuberculosis in the city of Rio Grande, Brazil(2010) Groll, Andrea Von; Martin, Anandi; Felix, Carolina Rodrigues; Prata, Pedro Fernandes Sanmartin; Honscha, Gunther; Portaels, Françoise; Vandamme, Peter; Silva, Pedro Eduardo Almeida da; Palomino, Juan CarlosRDRio is a novel Mycobacterium tuberculosis lineage of the Latin American– Mediterranean (LAM) family. LAM has been found worldwide but is more predominant in South America. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of the RDRio lineage and LAM family in the city of Rio Grande, Brazil, and to investigate the fitness of these strains based on determination of their growth rate. Fifty clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis were genotyped and 43 different patterns were found by spoligotyping and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units–variable number of tandem repeats. The predominant genotypes belonged to the LAM family (54% of the strains) followed by clade T (22%) and Haarlem (16%). The RDRio lineage represented 38% of the total strains and 70.4% of the LAM strains found in this study. Strains belonging to the LAM family showed a fitness advantage when comparing their rate of growth with that of non-LAM strains, but a significant difference between RDRio and non-RDRio strains was not confirmed.
- ItemCharacteristics of multidrug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis in southern Brazil(2012) Perizzolo, Paulo Fernando; Dalla Costa, Elis Regina; Ribeiro, Andrezza Wolowski; Spies, Fernanda Sá; Ribeiro, Marta Osório; Dias, Claudio Renato Rodrigues; Unis, Gisela; Silva, Pedro Eduardo Almeida da; Gomes, Harrison Magdinier; Suffys, Philip Noel; Rossetti, Maria Lucia RosaA major threat to tuberculosis (TB) control programs is the emergence of drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains that cause TB that cannot be cured by standard anti-TB drug regimens. Because few data exist on MDR-TB in this region of the country, we performed an epidemiologic study that combined conventional and molecular analysis of MDR-TB cases from Rio Grande do Sul (RS) that were diagnosed in this period and included cases that were under treatment with second line drug schemes. Included were 121 MDR cases and sequencing of rpoB and katG showed that 106 (87.6%) strains were mutated in rpoB and 97 (80.2%) in katG. Spoligotyping demonstrated that the LAM genotype was predominant (n ¼ 70, 57.8%) and included the largest group composed by 22 (18.1%) strains with the LAM5 ST93 genotype. Other main genotypes belonged to the families T (n ¼ 22, 18.2%), U family (n ¼ 16, 13.2%), Haarlem (n ¼ 5, 4.1%) and X (n ¼ 1, 0.8%). Genotyping by IS6110-RFLP analysis showed 51 distinct fingerprints, 38 (31.4%) of these observed only once and the other 13 patterns being shared among the rest of the isolates (n ¼ 83, 68.6%). Among the 22 strains that were LAM5 ST93, only two had different IS6110-RFLP genotypes. In conclusion, there exists a high degree of M. Tuberculosis genotype clustering among MDR-TB cases in Rio Grande do Sul. Moreover, we observed a large MDR-TB outbreak.
- ItemThe laboratory as a tool to qualify tuberculosis diagnostic(2008) Honscha, Gunther; Groll, Andrea Von; Valença, Mariana Soares; Soares, Daniela Fernandes Ramos; Sanchotene, Karine Ortiz; Scaini, Carlos James; Ribeiro, Marta Osório; Silva, Pedro Eduardo Almeida daOBJECTIVES: To evaluate the performance of laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis, clinical samples underwent culture, species identification and drug susceptibility testing (DST). METHODS: A total of 554 samples from 269 patients were tested for smear microscopy using Kinyoun stain. Culture was performed in Ogawa-Kudoh medium and species identification was performed using the IS6110 amplified region. DST for rifampicin, isoniazid (INH) and streptomycin were carried out using the Resazurin assay. RESULTS: Cultures augmented the number of cases diagnosed by 22.1%, IS6110 amplification identified all Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains thus isolated and DST detected three strains resistant to INH and one multidrug-resistant strain. CONCLUSION: Simultaneous use of different techniques enhanced culture yield, species identification and detection of drug resistance even in a laboratory with limited facilities.