Antioxidant Defenses and DNA Damage Induced by UV-A and UV-B Radiation in the Crab Chasmagnathus granulata (Decapoda, Brachyura)

Abstract

The photoprotector role of pigment dispersion in the melanophores of the crab, Chasmagnathus granulata, against DNA and oxidative damages caused by UV-A and UV-B was investigated.Intact and eyestalkless crabs were used. In eyestalkless crabs,the dorsal epidermis of the cephalothorax (dispersed melanophores)and the epidermis of pereiopods aggregated melanophores)were analyzed. Intact crabs showed only dispersed melanophores in the two epidermis. Antioxidant enzymes activity and lipoperoxidation content were analyzed after UV-A (2.5 J/cm2) or UV-B (8.6 J/cm2) irradiation. DNA damage was analyzed by single cell electrophoresis (comet) assay, after exposure to UV-B (8.6 J/cm2). UV-A radiation increased the glutatione-S-transferase activity in the pereiopods epidermis of eyestalkless crabs (P < 0.05). UV-B radiation induced DNA damage in the dorsal epidermis of eyestalkless crabs (P < 0.05). In pereiopod epidermis of eyestalkless crabs, there was no significant difference between control and UV-B–exposed crabs. In the pereiopods epidermis of eyestalkless, the control group showed higher scores of DNA damage and ~50% of cellular viability. Because in eyestalkless and irradiated crabs the cellular viability was ~5%, it was not possible to observe nuclei for determination of DNA damage. The findings show that melanophores can play a role in the defense against harmful effects of a momentary exposure to UV radiation.