Most biological actions of growth hormone (GH) are mediated by the insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) that is produced after the interaction of the hormone with a specific cell surface receptor, the GH receptor (GHR). ...

The aimof this study was to evaluate the sperm quality of Brazilian £ounder Paralichthys orbignyanus throughout its reproductive season. Sperm was collected at the beginning, middle and end of the breeding period. Spermatozoa ...

The Brazilian flounder, Paralichthys orbignyanus, is being considered for aquaculture due to its high demand and market price. Reproduction and larviculture studies have demonstrated the feasibility of massive fingerling ...

Decapod crustaceans show proliferation of the nerve cells in the olfactory lobe throughout their lives. However, the regulation of this process is still poorly understood, since it may vary with endogenous and exogenous factors. ...

A tropical strain of Cryptomonas obovata Skuja, isolated from a shallow oxbow lake, released a sulfated fucoserich polysaccharide. The polysaccharide is composed mainly of fucose (42%), N-acetyl-galactosamine (26%) and ...

We analyzed mtDNA control region sequences of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) from Arvoredo Island, a foraging ground in southern Brazil, and identified eight haplotypes. Of these, CM-A8 (64%) and CM-A5 (22%) were dominant, the ...

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a doublestranded rod-shaped DNA virus, which belongs to the family Nimaviridae, genus Whispovirus (Mayo 2002). Since its first appearance in 1992 (Chou et al. 1995), the disease has ...

From mollusks to mammals the activation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) appears to be an important step in the formation of long-term memory (LTM). Here we show that a 5 min exposure to a novel environment ...

Rats implanted bilaterally with cannulae in the CA1 region of the dorsal hippocampus or the entorhinal cortex were submitted to either a one-trial inhibitory avoidance task, or to 5 min of habituation to an open field. ...

Em busca de conhecimento, atividades de ensino e pesquisa são, historicamente, realizadas com o uso de animais. Este artigo fundamenta-se na existência de um novo paradigma em relação à utilização de animais em estudos ...

SinceWilliam James (1890) first distinguished primary from secondary memory, equivalent to short- and longterm memory, respectively, it has been assumed that short-term memory processes are in charge of cognition while ...

This paper describes the influence of nitrate availability on growth and release of dissolved free and combined carbohydrates (DFCHOs and DCCHOs) produced by Spondylosium pygmaeum (Cooke) W. West (Zygnematophyceae). This ...

Aggregate formation in axenic and microbial co-inoculated batch cultures of Aulacoseira granulata (Bacillariophyceae). Aggregate formation involving diatoms is a well-known process, especially in the marine environment. ...

The extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) released by a freshwater cryptophyte, Cryptomonas tetrapyrenoidosa were characterized and their degradation by heterotrophic microbial populations from the same habitat, a tropical ...

Growth hormone (GH) action is the result of an intracellular cascade initiated just after its interaction with the growth hormone receptor (GHR)located on the surface of target cells. This cascade culminates with the ...

The aim of this study was to characterize the extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) released by a freshwater Thalassiosira sp. (Bacillariophyceae) and evaluate their degradation by heterotrophic microbial populations from ...

In fish, microinjection is the method most frequently used for gene transfer. However, due to delayed transgene integration this technique almost invariably produces mosaic individuals and if the gene is not integrated ...

Many aspects of the molecular basis of declarative memory formation, retrieval and extinction have been established in the past few years. These aspects add to, and partly modify, some long-standing concepts on memory disorders. ...

Memory is measured by measuring retrieval. Retrieval is often triggered by the conditioned stimulus (CS); however, as known since Pavlov, presentation of the CS alone generates extinction. One-trial avoidance (IA) is a ...

Many, if not all psychiatric diseases are accompanied by memory disturbances, in particular, the dementias, schizophrenia, and, to an extent, mood disorders. Anxiety and stress, on the other hand, cause important alterations ...