Influência do meio corrosivo na tenacidade das zonas soldadas de um aço estrutural AH36
Resumo
A busca de soluções na prevenção de falhas catastróficas em torres aerogeradores é tema fundamental no cenário marítimo. Diante disso, é preciso avaliar as situações que causam impacto na estrutura metálica e nas soldas dessas torres, tendo em vista que a corrosão pode influenciar na tenacidade da solda. Assim, este trabalho objetiva avaliar a tenacidade da união soldada de um aço estrutural ASTM A131 AH36, quando submetido a um meio corrosivo, por diferentes tempos. O estudo de caso constitui na aplicação do processo de Soldagem por Arco Submerso (Submerged Arc Welding) no aço naval estrutural microligado, com avaliação do comportamento desse aço na presença de um concentrador de tensões. Esse concentrador foi introduzido nos corpos de prova por auxílio de um chanfro simples em formato V na solda, e as amostras foram submetidas a um meio salino, com posterior avaliação. O número de horas de exposição ao meio salino foi de 48, 95 e 220h. A soldagem foi realizada em chapas de 12,7 mm de espessura, com chanfro nas juntas formato em I. A caracterização mecânica se deu a partir de normas para ensaios de dobramento, tração e microdureza descritas pelas referências da American Welding Society e The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. A partir desse estudo foi verificado que o material soldado apresentou valores de microdureza similares ao esperado na literatura, de ±165 HV no MB, e ±206HV na ZF. O ensaio de dobramento e análise metalográfica evidenciaram a sanidade da solda, não apresentando qualquer defeito na mesma. Com relação à avaliação das amostras ao meio salino, verificou-se que, a medida que se aumenta o tempo de submissão do material às condições salinas, na presença de um concentrador de tensões, a taxa de corrosão aumenta e a tenacidade diminui. A tensão máxima suportada pelo material, no entanto, não sofreu influência significativa do meio. Diante do cenário criado com as similitudes de uma condição litorânea, considera-se a necessidade de uma atenção para materiais soldados e expostos a meios salinos, afim de evitar falhas catastróficas.
The search for solutions to prevent catastrophic failures in wind turbines is a fundamental theme in the maritime scenario. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the situations that impact the metallic structure and the welds of these towers, considering that corrosion can influence the tenacity of the weld. Thus, this work aims to evaluate the tenacity of the welded joint of a structural steel ASTM A131 AH36, when subjected to a corrosive medium, for different times. The case study consists in the application of the Submerged Arc Welding process in microalloyed structural marine steel, with evaluation of the behavior of this steel in the presence of a stress concentrator. This concentrator was introduced into the specimens by the aid of a simple V-shaped chamfer in the weld, and the samples were submitted to a saline medium, with subsequent evaluation. The number of hours of exposure to the saline environment was 48, 95 and 220h. Welding was carried out on 12.7 mm thick sheets, with chamfered I-shaped joints. Mechanical characterization was carried out based on standards for bending, traction and microhardness tests described by the references of the American Welding Society and The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. From this study, it was verified that the welded material presented microhardness values similar to those expected in the literature, ±165HV in MB, and ±206HV in ZF. The bending test and metallographic analysis showed the health of the weld, not showing any defect in it. Regarding the evaluation of samples in the saline environment, it was found that, as the time of material submission to saline conditions increases, in the presence of a stress concentrator, the corrosion rate increases and the toughness decreases. The maximum stress supported by the material, however, was not significantly influenced by the medium. Given the scenario created with the similarities of a coastal condition, the need for attention to welded materials exposed to saline environments is considered, in order to avoid catastrophic failures.
The search for solutions to prevent catastrophic failures in wind turbines is a fundamental theme in the maritime scenario. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the situations that impact the metallic structure and the welds of these towers, considering that corrosion can influence the tenacity of the weld. Thus, this work aims to evaluate the tenacity of the welded joint of a structural steel ASTM A131 AH36, when subjected to a corrosive medium, for different times. The case study consists in the application of the Submerged Arc Welding process in microalloyed structural marine steel, with evaluation of the behavior of this steel in the presence of a stress concentrator. This concentrator was introduced into the specimens by the aid of a simple V-shaped chamfer in the weld, and the samples were submitted to a saline medium, with subsequent evaluation. The number of hours of exposure to the saline environment was 48, 95 and 220h. Welding was carried out on 12.7 mm thick sheets, with chamfered I-shaped joints. Mechanical characterization was carried out based on standards for bending, traction and microhardness tests described by the references of the American Welding Society and The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. From this study, it was verified that the welded material presented microhardness values similar to those expected in the literature, ±165HV in MB, and ±206HV in ZF. The bending test and metallographic analysis showed the health of the weld, not showing any defect in it. Regarding the evaluation of samples in the saline environment, it was found that, as the time of material submission to saline conditions increases, in the presence of a stress concentrator, the corrosion rate increases and the toughness decreases. The maximum stress supported by the material, however, was not significantly influenced by the medium. Given the scenario created with the similarities of a coastal condition, the need for attention to welded materials exposed to saline environments is considered, in order to avoid catastrophic failures.
Descrição
Dissertação (mestrado)
Palavras-chave
Aços microligados, Soldagem SAW, Corrosão, Microalloyed steels, SAW welding, Corrosion
Citação
OSÓRIO, José Filipe Fernandes. Influência do meio corrosivo na tenacidade das zonas soldadas de um aço estrutural AH36. 2021. 70f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Mecânica, Escola de Engenharia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, 2021.
