Relações de gênero, poder e resistências: narrativas de mulheres cientistas no Continente Antártico
Resumo
A presente tese foi desenvolvida no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação em Ciências, na linha de pesquisa Educação Científica: implicações das práticas científicas na constituição dos sujeitos, tendo, como objetivo geral, investigar a inserção e a participação das mulheres pesquisadoras no Continente Antártico, buscando problematizar algumas práticas sociais e alguns discursos implicados na constituição de mulheres cientistas, a partir das enunciações que emergem nas narrativas das pesquisadoras coordenadoras e pesquisadoras alunas da pós- graduação, em nível de mestrado e/ou doutorado. A pesquisa foi produzida buscando articular os estudos feministas e os estudos de gênero, de modo a serem tecidas considerações e entendimentos sobre o feminismo e a crítica feminista à ciência. Ainda, foram problematizadas as redes discursivas, as relações de poder-saber, as estratégias de possibilidades e as resistências, e o estudo foi ancorado nas teorias do filósofo Michel Foucault e das autoras da crítica feminista à ciência, tais como Londa Schiebinger, Ana Colling, Donna Haraway, Evelin Fox Keller, Lourdes Bandeira, Cecília Maria Sardenberg e das feministas que abordam o tema sororidade e redes colaborativas, como Marcela Lagarde, Djamila Ribeiro, Audre Lorde, entre outros/as. Para as análises do material produzido, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas das pesquisadoras coordenadoras e das pesquisadoras alunas, utilizamos algumas ferramentas da Análise do Discurso proposta pelo filósofo Michel Foucault. Nesse viés, analisamos as enunciações que emergiram das narrativas das pesquisadoras e problematizamos as redes discursivas construídas, histórica e culturalmente, as quais vinculam alguns atributos inerentes às feminilidades e às masculinidades, baseados em pressupostos básicos da ciência, os quais, se não impedem, dificultam o avanço e, até mesmo, a permanência das mulheres no fazer científico. Nesse viés, analisamos as dificuldades e os obstáculos encontrados ao longo da carreira de mulheres cientistas, bem como as situações de discriminação, “modo feminino” de fazer ciência, “cuidados” e estratégias possíveis para se tornar cientista em um ambiente majoritariamente masculino. Além disso, investigamos as marcas de gênero que visibilizaram as diversas formas de violências contra as mulheres cientistas, como discriminação e preconceitos, mas, sobretudo, nessa pesquisa, foram demonstrados outros possíveis para a inserção e para a permanência na ciência, considerando as estratégias de possibilidades enquanto práticas de resistências, a exemplo da construção de redes colaborativas tecidas com fios de sororidade entre as mulheres. Nesse sentido, o conjunto de enunciações produzidas possibilitou o entendimento de como as redes discursivas ancoradas em uma sociedade com pilares patriarcais interpela a todas e a todos, mas, para além disso, a pesquisa nos permitiu a percepção de que, a partir da aliança proposta pelo movimento feminista, em que mulheres se unem para reivindicar seus espaços e direitos, é possível alterar as relações de poder- saber que perpassam as relações de gênero, convidando os homens para esse diálogo, o qual busca a conscientização das assimetrias vigentes na sociedade, rumo à igualdade de gênero na ciência e nos demais campos. Com base nisso, foi possível ressaltar a importância de nos tornamos todos, todas e todes feministas!
This thesis was developed in the Graduate Program in Science Education, in the research field of Science Education: implications of scientific practices in the constitution of subjects. The mainly objective of this study is to investigate the insertion and participation of women researchers in the Antarctic Continent, problematizing some social practices and speeches, implied in the constitution of women scientists, from the enunciations that emerge in the narratives of the coordinating researchers and graduate student researchers, in master and/or PhD degrees. The research was produced seeking to articulate feminist and gender studies, in order to make considerations and understandings about feminism and feminist criticism to science. Also, the discursive networks, the power-knowledge relationships, the strategies of possibilities and the resistances were problematized, based on the theories developed by the philosopher Michel Foucault and by authors of feminist criticism of science, such as Londa Schiebinger, Ana Colling , Donna Haraway, Evelin Fox Keller, Lourdes Bandeira, Cecília Maria Sardenberg, and by feminists authors, who discuss the theme of sorority and collaborative networks, such as Marcela Lagarde, Djamila Ribeiro, Audre Lorde, among others. For the analysis of the produced material, through semi- structured interviews of the coordinating and student researchers, we used some Discourse Analysis tools, proposed by the philosopher Michel Foucault. Thus, we analyze the enunciations that emerged from the researchers' narratives and problematize the historical and culturally constructed discursive networks, which link some inherent attributes to femininities and masculinities, based on basic assumptions of science, which, if not prevented, hinder the advancement and even the permanence of women in scientific practice. Additionally, we analyzed the difficulties and obstacles found throughout their career, as well as the situations of discrimination, “female way” of doing science, “care” and possible strategies to become a woman scientist in a mostly male environment. Besides that, we investigated the gender marks that made the various forms of violence against women scientists visible, such as discrimination and prejudice, but, above all, in this research, others possible ways were demonstrated for the insertion and permanence in science, considering the strategies of possibilities as resistance practices, such as the construction of collaborative networks woven with sorority threads among women. In this sense, the set of statements produced made it possible the understanding of how the discursive networks based on a patriarchal society affect everyone, but, in addition, the research allowed us to realize that, considering the alliance proposed by the feminist movement, in which women come together to claim their spaces and rights, it is possible to change the power-knowledge relationships that permeate gender relations, inviting men to this dialogue, looking for an awareness of the actual society asymmetries, towards gender equality in science and other fields. Based on this, it was possible to emphasize the importance of becoming all of us feminists!
This thesis was developed in the Graduate Program in Science Education, in the research field of Science Education: implications of scientific practices in the constitution of subjects. The mainly objective of this study is to investigate the insertion and participation of women researchers in the Antarctic Continent, problematizing some social practices and speeches, implied in the constitution of women scientists, from the enunciations that emerge in the narratives of the coordinating researchers and graduate student researchers, in master and/or PhD degrees. The research was produced seeking to articulate feminist and gender studies, in order to make considerations and understandings about feminism and feminist criticism to science. Also, the discursive networks, the power-knowledge relationships, the strategies of possibilities and the resistances were problematized, based on the theories developed by the philosopher Michel Foucault and by authors of feminist criticism of science, such as Londa Schiebinger, Ana Colling , Donna Haraway, Evelin Fox Keller, Lourdes Bandeira, Cecília Maria Sardenberg, and by feminists authors, who discuss the theme of sorority and collaborative networks, such as Marcela Lagarde, Djamila Ribeiro, Audre Lorde, among others. For the analysis of the produced material, through semi- structured interviews of the coordinating and student researchers, we used some Discourse Analysis tools, proposed by the philosopher Michel Foucault. Thus, we analyze the enunciations that emerged from the researchers' narratives and problematize the historical and culturally constructed discursive networks, which link some inherent attributes to femininities and masculinities, based on basic assumptions of science, which, if not prevented, hinder the advancement and even the permanence of women in scientific practice. Additionally, we analyzed the difficulties and obstacles found throughout their career, as well as the situations of discrimination, “female way” of doing science, “care” and possible strategies to become a woman scientist in a mostly male environment. Besides that, we investigated the gender marks that made the various forms of violence against women scientists visible, such as discrimination and prejudice, but, above all, in this research, others possible ways were demonstrated for the insertion and permanence in science, considering the strategies of possibilities as resistance practices, such as the construction of collaborative networks woven with sorority threads among women. In this sense, the set of statements produced made it possible the understanding of how the discursive networks based on a patriarchal society affect everyone, but, in addition, the research allowed us to realize that, considering the alliance proposed by the feminist movement, in which women come together to claim their spaces and rights, it is possible to change the power-knowledge relationships that permeate gender relations, inviting men to this dialogue, looking for an awareness of the actual society asymmetries, towards gender equality in science and other fields. Based on this, it was possible to emphasize the importance of becoming all of us feminists!
Descrição
Tese (Doutorado)
Palavras-chave
Relação de gênero, Mulher, Ciência, Antártica, Gender relationship, Women, Science, Antarctic
Citação
ALMEIDA, Maria Rozana Rodrigues de. Relações de gênero, poder e resistências: narrativas de mulheres cientistas no Continente Antártico. 2020. 156f. Tese (Doutorado) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação em Ciências: Química da Vida e Saúde, Instituto de Educação, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, 2020.
