Uma investigação experimental sobre a dinâmica de um par de cilindros submetidos a um fluxo transversal uniforme em arranjo arbitrário
Resumo
Fenômenos de vibrações induzidas pelo escoamento tem atraído o interesse de inúmeros
pesquisadores no campo da interação fluido-estrutura. Em geral, as pesquisas buscam o
entendimento dos mecanismos que controlam essas vibrações visando à adoção de
medidas mitigatórias dos seus efeitos sobre a integridade das estruturas. Porém, mais
recentemente, a busca por fontes alternativas de energia limpas, abriu um novo foco das
pesquisas que consiste na exploração dos mecanismos de transferência de energia do
escoamento para a estrutura a fim de converter a energia mecânica em energia elétrica.
A viabilidade desta situação foi atestada por pesquisadores da Universidade de
Michigan com o desenvolvimento de um dispositivo chamado VIVACE, que explora as
vibrações induzidas por vórtices para fins de geração de energia elétrica. A obtenção de
rendimento ótimo em dispositivos deste tipo depende fundamentalmente do
entendimento dos mecanismos presentes na interação entre o fluido e a estrutura. Na
busca deste entendimento, esta dissertação apresenta um estudo experimental do
escoamento transversal sobre um par de cilindros, arranjados de forma arbitrária, com o
cilindro de montante fixo e o cilindro de jusante montado elasticamente. O estudo
experimental foi realizado em um pequeno túnel de vento com o objetivo de identificar
a faixa de velocidades do escoamento na seção de teste e o arranjo com cilindros que
produz a máxima amplitude e espectro de frequência de vibração do cilindro de jusante.
Essas variáveis foram obtidas a partir da instalação de um sensor de posição ótico para
medição dos deslocamentos do cilindro elasticamente montado. A partir da análise das
séries temporais de deslocamentos obtidas para diferentes velocidades do escoamento,
foi possível identificar a frequência e a velocidade correspondentes à máxima amplitude
de oscilação do cilindro. Nos experimentos realizados o ângulo formado entre os
cilindros e o escoamento incidente no cilindro analisado variou entre 0o
≤α≤45o
, o
espaçamento entre cilindros em 1,50≤S/D≤3,35 e o número de Reynolds em
1.400<Re<6.200. Os resultados discutidos e comparados aos obtidos no cilindro
analisado instalado isoladamente no túnel de vento indicaram um aumento na amplitude
de oscilação em oito dos dezesseis arranjos feitos com dois cilindros. A faixa de
oscilação se apresentou maior em seis destes arranjos. Em todas as análises feitas as
oscilações ocorreram a 11,41 Hz, praticamente o mesmo valor da frequência natural da
estrutura.
Flow induced vibration phenomena has attracted the interest of many researchers in the field of fluid-structure interaction. In general, the research goals consist of reaching an understanding of the mechanisms that control such vibrations, aiming to the adoption of measures that mitigate the vibration effects on the integrity of the structures. However, more recently, as a result of the search for alternative sources of clean energy, a new trend of research has been established in which the main focus is to exploit the mechanisms that drive the transfer of mechanical energy from the flow to the structure and the consequent conversion of the mechanical energy of the structure to electrical power. The feasibility of this has been demonstrated by research from Michigan University with the proposition of device called VIVACE, whose working principle is based vortex induced vibrations of a group of cylinders. The efficiency of such a device depends very much on the understanding of the driven mechanisms of the fluid structure interaction. Aiming to contribute to this understanding, this dissertation presents an experimental investigation of the transverse flow over a pair of cylinders, in tandem arrangement, with the upstream cylinder fixed and the downstream cylinder elastically mounted with springs. The experimental study was conducted in a small wind tunnel aiming to identify the range of flow velocity at the test section and the configuration of the cylinders that lead to the maximum vibration of the downstream cylinder. Another relevant parameter was identification of spectrum of the vibration. These variables were obtained from the installation of an optical position sensor for measuring the displacement of the cylinder elastically mounted. From the analysis of the time series of displacements obtained for different rates of flow, it was possible to identify the frequency and the velocity corresponding to the maximum amplitude of oscillation of the cylinder. In the experiments the angle formed between the cylinders and the incident flow in the cylinder analyzed ranged between 0o ≤α≤45o , the spacing between cylinders in 1,50≤S/D≤3,35 and the Reynolds number in 1400 <Re <6,200. The results discussed and compared with the obtained in the cylinder analyzed singly installed in the wind tunnel showed an increase in amplitude of oscillation in eight of the sixteen arrangements made with two cylinders. The range of oscillation is presented greater in six of these arrangements. In all analyzes the oscillations occurred at 11.41 Hz, practically the same value of the natural frequency of the structure.
Flow induced vibration phenomena has attracted the interest of many researchers in the field of fluid-structure interaction. In general, the research goals consist of reaching an understanding of the mechanisms that control such vibrations, aiming to the adoption of measures that mitigate the vibration effects on the integrity of the structures. However, more recently, as a result of the search for alternative sources of clean energy, a new trend of research has been established in which the main focus is to exploit the mechanisms that drive the transfer of mechanical energy from the flow to the structure and the consequent conversion of the mechanical energy of the structure to electrical power. The feasibility of this has been demonstrated by research from Michigan University with the proposition of device called VIVACE, whose working principle is based vortex induced vibrations of a group of cylinders. The efficiency of such a device depends very much on the understanding of the driven mechanisms of the fluid structure interaction. Aiming to contribute to this understanding, this dissertation presents an experimental investigation of the transverse flow over a pair of cylinders, in tandem arrangement, with the upstream cylinder fixed and the downstream cylinder elastically mounted with springs. The experimental study was conducted in a small wind tunnel aiming to identify the range of flow velocity at the test section and the configuration of the cylinders that lead to the maximum vibration of the downstream cylinder. Another relevant parameter was identification of spectrum of the vibration. These variables were obtained from the installation of an optical position sensor for measuring the displacement of the cylinder elastically mounted. From the analysis of the time series of displacements obtained for different rates of flow, it was possible to identify the frequency and the velocity corresponding to the maximum amplitude of oscillation of the cylinder. In the experiments the angle formed between the cylinders and the incident flow in the cylinder analyzed ranged between 0o ≤α≤45o , the spacing between cylinders in 1,50≤S/D≤3,35 and the Reynolds number in 1400 <Re <6,200. The results discussed and compared with the obtained in the cylinder analyzed singly installed in the wind tunnel showed an increase in amplitude of oscillation in eight of the sixteen arrangements made with two cylinders. The range of oscillation is presented greater in six of these arrangements. In all analyzes the oscillations occurred at 11.41 Hz, practically the same value of the natural frequency of the structure.
Descrição
Dissertação (mestrado)
Palavras-chave
Energia Elétrica, Estudo Experimental, Correntes Oceânicas, Escoamento sobre Cilindros, Vibrações Induzidas por Escoamento, Electric Energy, Experimental Study, Ocean Currents, Flow over Cylinders, Flow Induced Vibrations
Citação
ALVARENGA, Jesus de Alencar Morais de. Uma investigação experimental sobre a dinâmica de um par de cilindros submetidos a um fluxo transversal uniforme em arranjo arbitrário. 2014. 93f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Oceânica, Escola de Engenharia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, 2014.
