Avaliação da secagem de pastas de vegetais enriquecidas com plasma bovino e soro do leite através da programação linear
Resumo
O objetivo deste trabalho foi utilizar a programação linear para formular pastas de vegetais
enriquecidas com plasma bovino e com soro de leite visando à maximização do teor proteico,
e avaliar as condições de secagem em leito de jorro nas características do produto final
desidratado. A pasta foi obtida através de uma trituração e homogeneização dos seguintes
constituintes: cebola branca, tomate longa vida, cenoura, couve, batata, óleo de soja
comercial, plasma bovino e soro de leite. Para garantir a viabilidade da secagem no leito de
jorro da pasta de vegetais enriquecida foi feito um estudo preliminar em leito de geometria
cônica. Após, os experimentos foram conduzidos em leito de jorro cone-cilíndrico, através de
comparação de tratamentos experimentais. Foram estudadas a influência da temperatura do ar
de entrada (90, 100 e 110C) e a concentração de sólidos na pasta (7,5 e 10% m/m), sendo
fixada a vazão de alimentação de pasta (600 mL.h1). As pastas de vegetais enriquecidas,
tanto com plasma bovino como com soro de leite, pela programação linear apresentaram
composições próximas aos limites estabelecidos das restrições de nutrientes. Esses resultados
mostraram que a programação linear foi adequada para a formulação da pasta de vegetais
enriquecida para a maximização do teor proteico. As condições utilizadas na secagem em
leito de jorro de geometria cônica foram adequadas, pois não apresentaram colapso do leito.
As melhores condições para secagem em leito de jorro cone-cilíndrico da pasta de vegetais
enriquecida com plasma bovino e da pasta enriquecida com soro de leite o foram,
respectivamente, na temperatura da ar de 100C, e concentração de sólidos de 10% m/m, para
ambas, a umidade final do pó variou de 4 a 10 % (m/m). A operação de secagem em leito de
jorro cone-cilíndrico, para ambas as pastas de vegetais enriquecidas, mostrou-se efetiva na
preservação dos compostos químicos e das características morfológicas do produto seco. As
análises espectrais apresentaram as presenças de álcoois, fenóis, aldeídos e anéis aromáticos.
Os pós obtidos possuíam estruturas compactas e irregulares, sendo que a pasta enriquecida
com plasma bovino apresentou um diâmetro de partícula menor que 10 um e a pasta
enriquecida com soro de leite obteve particulas superior a 100 um.
The objective of this work was to use linear programming to formulate vegetable pastes enriched with bovine plasma and whey in order to maximize the protein content, and evaluate the drying conditions in the spouted bed on the characteristics of dehydrated final product. The paste was obtained by a grinding and mixing the following constituents: onion, tomato, carrot, cabbage, potato, soybean oil, bovine plasma and whey. To verified the drying viability in spouted bed of enriched vegetables paste was performed a preliminary study in conical geometry bed. After, the experiments were conducted in cone-cylindrical spouted bed, by comparison of experimental treatments. The influence of inlet air temperature (90, 100 and 110 C) and the concentration of solids in the paste (7.5 and 10% w / w) were studied, being that was fixed the pulp feed flow rate (600 mL.h-1). The linear programming showed compositions next to the limits of nutrient restrictions for enriched vegetable pastes, for both with bovine plasma as with whey. These results showed that linear programming was suitable for formulating the enriched vegetable paste to maximize the protein content. The conditions used in the spouted bed drying of conical geometry were adequate, because it not led to the bed collapse. The best conditions for drying in cone-cylindrical spouted bed to vegetable paste enriched with bovine plasma and whey were, respectively, the air temperatures of 100 C and the solids concentration of 10% (w/w) for both, the final moisture content of the powder ranges from de 4 a 10 % (m/m). The drying operation in spouted bed cone-cylindrical, for both enriched vegetable pastes, proved to be effective in the preservation of chemical compounds and morphological characteristics of the dried product. Spectral analysis showed the presence of alcohols, phenols, aldehydes and aromatic rings. The powders products showed the compact and irregular structures, the paste enriche with bovine plasma having a diameter smaller than 100 um particle and the paste enriched with whey obtained particles greater than 100 um.
The objective of this work was to use linear programming to formulate vegetable pastes enriched with bovine plasma and whey in order to maximize the protein content, and evaluate the drying conditions in the spouted bed on the characteristics of dehydrated final product. The paste was obtained by a grinding and mixing the following constituents: onion, tomato, carrot, cabbage, potato, soybean oil, bovine plasma and whey. To verified the drying viability in spouted bed of enriched vegetables paste was performed a preliminary study in conical geometry bed. After, the experiments were conducted in cone-cylindrical spouted bed, by comparison of experimental treatments. The influence of inlet air temperature (90, 100 and 110 C) and the concentration of solids in the paste (7.5 and 10% w / w) were studied, being that was fixed the pulp feed flow rate (600 mL.h-1). The linear programming showed compositions next to the limits of nutrient restrictions for enriched vegetable pastes, for both with bovine plasma as with whey. These results showed that linear programming was suitable for formulating the enriched vegetable paste to maximize the protein content. The conditions used in the spouted bed drying of conical geometry were adequate, because it not led to the bed collapse. The best conditions for drying in cone-cylindrical spouted bed to vegetable paste enriched with bovine plasma and whey were, respectively, the air temperatures of 100 C and the solids concentration of 10% (w/w) for both, the final moisture content of the powder ranges from de 4 a 10 % (m/m). The drying operation in spouted bed cone-cylindrical, for both enriched vegetable pastes, proved to be effective in the preservation of chemical compounds and morphological characteristics of the dried product. Spectral analysis showed the presence of alcohols, phenols, aldehydes and aromatic rings. The powders products showed the compact and irregular structures, the paste enriche with bovine plasma having a diameter smaller than 100 um particle and the paste enriched with whey obtained particles greater than 100 um.
Descrição
Dissertação (Mestrado)
Palavras-chave
Desidratação, Propriedades funcionais, Teor proteico, Dehydration, Functional properties, Protein content
Citação
ROCHA, Silvia Faria da. Avaliação da secagem de pastas de vegetais enriquecidas com plasma bovino e soro do leite através da programação linear. 2016. 126 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia e Ciência de Alimentos) - Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia e Ciência de Alimentos, Escola de Química e Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, 2016.
