Violência contra a mulher: características das usuárias de um serviço de proteção
Resumo
Este estudo aborda o tema violência contra a mulher, que ocorre em milhares de famílias, praticada de diferentes modalidades e disseminada ao redor do mundo. Trata-se de um problema complexo que perpassa as áreas da justiça, educação, saúde e impacta na vida das mulheres como um evento profundamente devastador. O objetivo geral do estudo é: analisar as características individuais e relacionais de mulheres usuárias de um serviço de proteção a vítimas de violência, que denunciaram seus agressores. Os objetivos específicos são: (1) Descrever as características individuais, relacionais e contextuais de uma amostra independente de mulheres em situação de violência que denunciaram seus agressores em um serviço especializado de proteção à mulher em situação de violência; (2) Analisar o nível de associação entre o tempo transcorrido para realização da denúncia e as características individuais e relacionais (idade, anos de estudo, tempo de convivência com o agressor e número de filhos) de mulheres que denunciaram seus agressores em um serviço especializado de proteção à mulher em situação de violência; (3) Explorar um modelo de agrupamento (cluster) adequado para explicar duas amostras de dados, dos anos de 2016, 2017, 2018 e 2020, coletados em um serviço especializado de atendimento à mulher em situação de violência. Do ponto de vista metodológico, trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, desenvolvido com uma amostra constituída de dados secundários obtidos nos registros de um serviço de atendimento a mulheres vítimas de violência, localizado em um município do extremo sul do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Os dados foram submetidos a análises estatísticas uni (média, desvio padrão), bi (ANOVA a um fator) e multivariada (análise de cluster hierárquico e Regressão). Resultados: a idade das mulheres atendidas no serviço estava, em 50,9% dos casos, entre 18 e 32 anos; 50% tinham de zero a 8 anos de estudo, o que corresponde a nenhum estudo até o ensino fundamental completo; 56,8% conviviam ou conviveram com o agressor por até 8 anos; 61,1% tinham pelo menos um filho; 50,7% referiram problemas conjugais com o agressor. Em relação à média de tempo (em horas) transcorrido entre a agressão e a denúncia, o perfil típico que leva mais tempo para denunciar o agressor, na amostra estudada, foi de mulheres com idade entre 27 e 32 anos (103,42h), mais de 12 anos de estudo (83,33h), maior tempo de convivência com o agressor (110,55h) e com 1 ou 2 filhos (105,10h). O perfil que denunciou mais rapidamente os agressores foi de mulheres com menor faixa etária, entre 18 e 26 anos, (56,25h), com 9 a 11 anos de estudo (64,96h), menor tempo de convivência com o agressor (1 a 4 anos) (31,38h) e sem filhos (38,33h). Apesar de existirem diferenças reais entre as mulheres, a associação com significância estatística foi evidenciada em relação ao tempo de convivência com o agressor (p<0,05). Após a realização da análise de cluster hierárquico pelo método Ward, a amostra 1 apresentou 3 clusters. O cluster 1 é composto por 19 casos (13,66%), o cluster 2 por 39 (28,05%) e o cluster 3 por 81 (58,27%). O cluster 1 é caracterizado por mulheres com média de 53 anos de idade, 5 anos de estudo, 22 anos de convivência com o agressor e 1,32 filhos. O cluster 2 é caracterizado por mulheres com idade média de 38 anos, 9 anos de estudo, 13 anos de convivência com o agressor e 2,72 filhos. O cluster 3 é caracterizado por mulheres com idade média de 27 anos, 11 anos de estudo, 7 anos de convivência com o agressor e 1,01 filhos. A segunda amostra formou 2 clusters. Neste o cluster 1 é composto por 117 casos (71,77%) e o cluster 2 por 46 (28,22%). O cluster 1 é caracterizado por mulheres com média de 28 anos de idade, 9,8 anos de estudo, 5,35 anos de convivência com o agressor e 1,26 filhos. O cluster 2 é caracterizado por mulheres com média de 41 anos de idade, 10,4 anos de estudo, 17,83 anos de convivência com o agressor e 1,58 filhos. Conclusão: Os resultados deste estudo mostraram a diversidade em termos de características individuais e relacionais das mulheres que buscam ajuda em um serviço de referência para o atendimento das situações de violência a que estão expostas. São resultados que comprovam a violência como um evento danoso que atinge mulheres de diversas faixas etárias, com grau de escolaridade variados e que o tempo de convivência com o agressor e o número de filhos não segue um perfil único. Essa diversidade de características, mostrada nos resultados de todas as análises realizadas, permite inferir que, embora sejam mulheres que tem em comum o fato de serem vítimas de violência, suas necessidades e demandas são diferentes
This study addresses violence against women, a phenomenon that occurs in numerous families worldwide and involves different modalities. It is a complex problem and a devastating event that permeates the legal, education, and health fields, profoundly impacting the lives of women. This study’s general objective is to analyze the individual and relational characteristics of women who sought violence victim protection services and reported their aggressors. The specific objectives include (1) Describing the individual, relational, and contextual characteristics of an independent sample of women in a situation of violence; (2) Analyzing the level of association between the time elapsed between the aggression and complaint and the individual and relational characteristics (age, years of schooling, time living with the aggressor, and number of children) of the women who reported their aggressors in a specialized service protecting women in situations of violence; (3) Explore a clustering model suitable to explain two data samples from 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2020 collected in a specialized service protecting women in situations of violence. From a methodological perspective, this quantitative study addresses a sample composed of secondary data collected from the records of a service protecting female victims of violence in a city in the extreme South of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The data were statistically analyzed using univariate (mean, standard deviation), bivariate (one-factor ANOVA), and multivariate analyses (hierarchical cluster analysis and Regression). Results: 50.9% of the women were between 18 and 32; 50% had from zero to 8 years of schooling, i.e., from no education up to middle school; 56.8% had cohabited or were cohabiting with their aggressors up to 8 years; 61.1% had at least one children; 50.7% reported marital problems with the aggressor. Regarding the average time (hours) elapsed between the aggression and the report, the typical profile of women taking longer (103.42h) to report their aggressors were women aged between 27 and 32, with more than 12 years of schooling (83.33h), having lived with the aggressor the most (110.55h), with 1 or 2 children (105.10h). The profile that reported the aggressor more quickly comprises younger women, aged between 18 and 26 (56.25h), from 9 to 11 years of schooling (64,96h), cohabiting the shortest time with the aggressor (1 to 4 years) (31.38h), without children (38.33h). Despite the actual differences between the women, evidence with statistical significance was found with how long the women lived with their aggressors (p<0.05). After performing the hierarchical clustering via the Ward method, sample 1 presented 3 clusters. Cluster 1 comprises 19 cases (13.66%), Cluster 2 has 39 (28.05%), and Cluster 3 has 81 cases (58.27%). Cluster 1 is characterized by women aged 53 on average, with 5 years of schooling, living with their aggressors for 22 years, with 1.32 children. Cluster 2 is characterized by women aged 38 on average, with 9 years of schooling, living with their aggressors for 13 years, and 2.72 children. Cluster 3 comprises women aged 27 on average, with 11 years of schooling, living with their aggressors for 7 years, with 1.01 children. The second sample presented 2 clusters: Cluster 1, which comprised 117 cases (71.77%), and Cluster 2, which comprised 46 (28.22%). Cluster 1 is characterized by women aged 28 on average, with 9.8 years of schooling, cohabiting for 5.35 years, and with 1.26 children. Cluster 2 comprises women aged 41, with 10.4 years of schooling, living with their partners for 17.83 years, and 1.58 children. Conclusion: The results of this study show how the individual and relational characteristics of the women seeking victim protection are diverse. Evidence confirms that violence is a harmful phenomenon that affects women from different age groups and varied educational levels, and the duration of cohabitation/marriage and the number of children do not follow a single profile. Such diverse characteristics shown in the 8 results of all the analyses suggest that even though these women share the fact of being victims of violence, their needs and demands differ
This study addresses violence against women, a phenomenon that occurs in numerous families worldwide and involves different modalities. It is a complex problem and a devastating event that permeates the legal, education, and health fields, profoundly impacting the lives of women. This study’s general objective is to analyze the individual and relational characteristics of women who sought violence victim protection services and reported their aggressors. The specific objectives include (1) Describing the individual, relational, and contextual characteristics of an independent sample of women in a situation of violence; (2) Analyzing the level of association between the time elapsed between the aggression and complaint and the individual and relational characteristics (age, years of schooling, time living with the aggressor, and number of children) of the women who reported their aggressors in a specialized service protecting women in situations of violence; (3) Explore a clustering model suitable to explain two data samples from 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2020 collected in a specialized service protecting women in situations of violence. From a methodological perspective, this quantitative study addresses a sample composed of secondary data collected from the records of a service protecting female victims of violence in a city in the extreme South of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The data were statistically analyzed using univariate (mean, standard deviation), bivariate (one-factor ANOVA), and multivariate analyses (hierarchical cluster analysis and Regression). Results: 50.9% of the women were between 18 and 32; 50% had from zero to 8 years of schooling, i.e., from no education up to middle school; 56.8% had cohabited or were cohabiting with their aggressors up to 8 years; 61.1% had at least one children; 50.7% reported marital problems with the aggressor. Regarding the average time (hours) elapsed between the aggression and the report, the typical profile of women taking longer (103.42h) to report their aggressors were women aged between 27 and 32, with more than 12 years of schooling (83.33h), having lived with the aggressor the most (110.55h), with 1 or 2 children (105.10h). The profile that reported the aggressor more quickly comprises younger women, aged between 18 and 26 (56.25h), from 9 to 11 years of schooling (64,96h), cohabiting the shortest time with the aggressor (1 to 4 years) (31.38h), without children (38.33h). Despite the actual differences between the women, evidence with statistical significance was found with how long the women lived with their aggressors (p<0.05). After performing the hierarchical clustering via the Ward method, sample 1 presented 3 clusters. Cluster 1 comprises 19 cases (13.66%), Cluster 2 has 39 (28.05%), and Cluster 3 has 81 cases (58.27%). Cluster 1 is characterized by women aged 53 on average, with 5 years of schooling, living with their aggressors for 22 years, with 1.32 children. Cluster 2 is characterized by women aged 38 on average, with 9 years of schooling, living with their aggressors for 13 years, and 2.72 children. Cluster 3 comprises women aged 27 on average, with 11 years of schooling, living with their aggressors for 7 years, with 1.01 children. The second sample presented 2 clusters: Cluster 1, which comprised 117 cases (71.77%), and Cluster 2, which comprised 46 (28.22%). Cluster 1 is characterized by women aged 28 on average, with 9.8 years of schooling, cohabiting for 5.35 years, and with 1.26 children. Cluster 2 comprises women aged 41, with 10.4 years of schooling, living with their partners for 17.83 years, and 1.58 children. Conclusion: The results of this study show how the individual and relational characteristics of the women seeking victim protection are diverse. Evidence confirms that violence is a harmful phenomenon that affects women from different age groups and varied educational levels, and the duration of cohabitation/marriage and the number of children do not follow a single profile. Such diverse characteristics shown in the 8 results of all the analyses suggest that even though these women share the fact of being victims of violence, their needs and demands differ.
This study addresses violence against women, a phenomenon that occurs in numerous families worldwide and involves different modalities. It is a complex problem and a devastating event that permeates the legal, education, and health fields, profoundly impacting the lives of women. This study’s general objective is to analyze the individual and relational characteristics of women who sought violence victim protection services and reported their aggressors. The specific objectives include (1) Describing the individual, relational, and contextual characteristics of an independent sample of women in a situation of violence; (2) Analyzing the level of association between the time elapsed between the aggression and complaint and the individual and relational characteristics (age, years of schooling, time living with the aggressor, and number of children) of the women who reported their aggressors in a specialized service protecting women in situations of violence; (3) Explore a clustering model suitable to explain two data samples from 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2020 collected in a specialized service protecting women in situations of violence. From a methodological perspective, this quantitative study addresses a sample composed of secondary data collected from the records of a service protecting female victims of violence in a city in the extreme South of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The data were statistically analyzed using univariate (mean, standard deviation), bivariate (one-factor ANOVA), and multivariate analyses (hierarchical cluster analysis and Regression). Results: 50.9% of the women were between 18 and 32; 50% had from zero to 8 years of schooling, i.e., from no education up to middle school; 56.8% had cohabited or were cohabiting with their aggressors up to 8 years; 61.1% had at least one children; 50.7% reported marital problems with the aggressor. Regarding the average time (hours) elapsed between the aggression and the report, the typical profile of women taking longer (103.42h) to report their aggressors were women aged between 27 and 32, with more than 12 years of schooling (83.33h), having lived with the aggressor the most (110.55h), with 1 or 2 children (105.10h). The profile that reported the aggressor more quickly comprises younger women, aged between 18 and 26 (56.25h), from 9 to 11 years of schooling (64,96h), cohabiting the shortest time with the aggressor (1 to 4 years) (31.38h), without children (38.33h). Despite the actual differences between the women, evidence with statistical significance was found with how long the women lived with their aggressors (p<0.05). After performing the hierarchical clustering via the Ward method, sample 1 presented 3 clusters. Cluster 1 comprises 19 cases (13.66%), Cluster 2 has 39 (28.05%), and Cluster 3 has 81 cases (58.27%). Cluster 1 is characterized by women aged 53 on average, with 5 years of schooling, living with their aggressors for 22 years, with 1.32 children. Cluster 2 is characterized by women aged 38 on average, with 9 years of schooling, living with their aggressors for 13 years, and 2.72 children. Cluster 3 comprises women aged 27 on average, with 11 years of schooling, living with their aggressors for 7 years, with 1.01 children. The second sample presented 2 clusters: Cluster 1, which comprised 117 cases (71.77%), and Cluster 2, which comprised 46 (28.22%). Cluster 1 is characterized by women aged 28 on average, with 9.8 years of schooling, cohabiting for 5.35 years, and with 1.26 children. Cluster 2 comprises women aged 41, with 10.4 years of schooling, living with their partners for 17.83 years, and 1.58 children. Conclusion: The results of this study show how the individual and relational characteristics of the women seeking victim protection are diverse. Evidence confirms that violence is a harmful phenomenon that affects women from different age groups and varied educational levels, and the duration of cohabitation/marriage and the number of children do not follow a single profile. Such diverse characteristics shown in the 8 results of all the analyses suggest that even though these women share the fact of being victims of violence, their needs and demands differ
This study addresses violence against women, a phenomenon that occurs in numerous families worldwide and involves different modalities. It is a complex problem and a devastating event that permeates the legal, education, and health fields, profoundly impacting the lives of women. This study’s general objective is to analyze the individual and relational characteristics of women who sought violence victim protection services and reported their aggressors. The specific objectives include (1) Describing the individual, relational, and contextual characteristics of an independent sample of women in a situation of violence; (2) Analyzing the level of association between the time elapsed between the aggression and complaint and the individual and relational characteristics (age, years of schooling, time living with the aggressor, and number of children) of the women who reported their aggressors in a specialized service protecting women in situations of violence; (3) Explore a clustering model suitable to explain two data samples from 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2020 collected in a specialized service protecting women in situations of violence. From a methodological perspective, this quantitative study addresses a sample composed of secondary data collected from the records of a service protecting female victims of violence in a city in the extreme South of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The data were statistically analyzed using univariate (mean, standard deviation), bivariate (one-factor ANOVA), and multivariate analyses (hierarchical cluster analysis and Regression). Results: 50.9% of the women were between 18 and 32; 50% had from zero to 8 years of schooling, i.e., from no education up to middle school; 56.8% had cohabited or were cohabiting with their aggressors up to 8 years; 61.1% had at least one children; 50.7% reported marital problems with the aggressor. Regarding the average time (hours) elapsed between the aggression and the report, the typical profile of women taking longer (103.42h) to report their aggressors were women aged between 27 and 32, with more than 12 years of schooling (83.33h), having lived with the aggressor the most (110.55h), with 1 or 2 children (105.10h). The profile that reported the aggressor more quickly comprises younger women, aged between 18 and 26 (56.25h), from 9 to 11 years of schooling (64,96h), cohabiting the shortest time with the aggressor (1 to 4 years) (31.38h), without children (38.33h). Despite the actual differences between the women, evidence with statistical significance was found with how long the women lived with their aggressors (p<0.05). After performing the hierarchical clustering via the Ward method, sample 1 presented 3 clusters. Cluster 1 comprises 19 cases (13.66%), Cluster 2 has 39 (28.05%), and Cluster 3 has 81 cases (58.27%). Cluster 1 is characterized by women aged 53 on average, with 5 years of schooling, living with their aggressors for 22 years, with 1.32 children. Cluster 2 is characterized by women aged 38 on average, with 9 years of schooling, living with their aggressors for 13 years, and 2.72 children. Cluster 3 comprises women aged 27 on average, with 11 years of schooling, living with their aggressors for 7 years, with 1.01 children. The second sample presented 2 clusters: Cluster 1, which comprised 117 cases (71.77%), and Cluster 2, which comprised 46 (28.22%). Cluster 1 is characterized by women aged 28 on average, with 9.8 years of schooling, cohabiting for 5.35 years, and with 1.26 children. Cluster 2 comprises women aged 41, with 10.4 years of schooling, living with their partners for 17.83 years, and 1.58 children. Conclusion: The results of this study show how the individual and relational characteristics of the women seeking victim protection are diverse. Evidence confirms that violence is a harmful phenomenon that affects women from different age groups and varied educational levels, and the duration of cohabitation/marriage and the number of children do not follow a single profile. Such diverse characteristics shown in the 8 results of all the analyses suggest that even though these women share the fact of being victims of violence, their needs and demands differ.
Descrição
Tese (doutorado)
Palavras-chave
Violência contra a Mulher, Violência Doméstica, Família, Enfermagem, Violence Against Women, Domestic Violence, Family, Nursing, Violencia contra la Mujer, Violencia Doméstica, Familia, Enfermería
Citação
FAGUNDES, Jessica Souza. Violência contra a mulher: características das usuárias de um serviço de proteção. 2023. 107f. Tese (doutorado) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, 2023.