Variabilidade da linha de costa na foz do canal São Gonçalo e adjacências da Lagoa Dos Patos
Resumo
O presente trabalho visa a caracterização morfológica decadal do canal São Gonçalo e de suas adjacências, principalmente após a construção da barragem eclusa no canal no ano de 1977, implementada para impedir a entrada de sal na Lagoa Mirim. Esta pesquisa foi baseada em fotografias aéreas dos anos de 1953, 1964, 1974 e de imagens de satélite Landsat disponíveis desde o ano de 1973 a 2017. Um detalhamento foi elaborado por meio das imagens do Google Earth Pro, nos anos de 2011 a 2017. Não foram registradas modificações significativas ao longo do canal nas imagens Landsat, porém na sua embocadura nas proximidades da Lagoa dos Patos, na zona à jusante da obra, observaram-se variações. Nas áreas adjacentes ao canal SG, especificamente na região do Pontal da Barra, na praia do Laranjal, estimou-se áreas de recuo da linha de costa de até 1,4 metros por ano. Por outro lado, foram registradas no Balneário Santo Antônio áreas de acreção, na parte central da praia, estimada em 0,7 metros por ano e na porção sul da embocadura, do outro lado do canal SG, observou-se acumulação de sedimentos de 0,4 metros por ano. Além disso, constataram-se o desenvolvimento de dois esporões arenosos nas proximidades da embocadura do canal, um na porção norte, no Pontal da Barra e outro na porção sul, localizado em Rio Grande. O elevado aporte sedimentar registrado na região do Pontal da Barra possivelmente foi resultado de agentes naturais, principalmente pela atuação dos ventos provenientes de NE que geram as ondas oblíquas. Estes sedimentos são transportados pela deriva litorânea com direção predominante para sul. Os sedimentos acumularam-se nesta região do Pontal da Barra e permanecem acumulando-se para o interior da embocadura do canal São Gonçalo. O pontal atualmente possui cerca de 133 metros e continua desenvolvendo-se para dentro do canal. Identificou-se na região do Pontal da Barra uma alta mobilização de sedimentos, registrando uma flecha litorânea, provavelmente provenientes de áreas de erosão adjacentes, por fim depositando-se no pontal arenoso. Sugere-se que, com a diminuição do nível de água do canal, o pontal arenoso apresenta uma maior possibilidade de crescimento para sudoeste, porém, quando seu nível se eleva, o pontal arenoso exibe um desenvolvimento para sudeste. No outro lado do canal SG, o esporão na Ponta do Silveira no ano de 1974 apresentava variadas direções de crescimento, a partir de 1980 passou a desenvolver-se para uma única direção (sudoeste). Porém, no ano de 2014 rompeu-se, criando assim uma estrutura nova na laguna.
This paper seeks to characterize the decennial variations in the morphology of the São Gonçalo channel and its adjacencies, especially after the construction of a dam in the channel in 1977, design to prevent the entry of salt water into the Mirim Lake. This research was based in aerial images of the years of 1953, 1964, and 1974 and Landsat satellite images from 1973 to 2017. A more detailed observation was made with images from Google Earth Pro, in the years of 2011 to 2017. Significant changes were not perceived along the channel, however at its mouth, near Patos Lagoon, downstream of the dam, changes were observed. In areas adjacent to the channel’s mouth, specifically at the Pontal da Barra in the Praia do Laranjal, an area with shoreline retreat of 1.4 meters per year was estimated. Conversely, areas of accretion were identified at Balneário Santo Antônio, with an estimated rate of 0.7 meters per year in the middle of the beach, and to south of the channel’s mouth, on the opposite side of the São Gonçalo channel, an accretion rate of 0.4 meters per year was observed. In addition, the development of two sandspits near the channel’s mouth were noticed, one in the north, at Pontal da Barra, and another in the south, located in Rio Grande. The high sedimentary intake observed in a region of the Pontal da Barra is likely the result of natural processes, mainly the effect of wind from the NE which generate waves at an oblique angle. These sediments are transported by longshore drift mainly directed to the south. The sediments were deposited forming a bar in this region of the Pontal da Barra and are still accumulating in the São Gonçalo channel’s mouth. The bar feature has grown 133 meters towards the channel and keeps growing. It was noticed in the Pontal da Barra, a high remobilization of sandbanks, observing a migrating sandbank, probably related to the erosion areas in the adjacencies, that end up deposited in the bar feature. It is suggested that, with the decrease of the water levels, the sandbar presents a more likely to grow to the southwest, however, when the levels rise, the sandbar exhibit a development to the southeast. In the other side of the São Gonçalo channel, in the year of 1974 the spit at the Ponta do Silveira presented several directions of growth, by 1980 it started to develop only in one direction (southwest). However, it was segmented in the year of 2014, generating, therefore, a new feature in the lagoon.
This paper seeks to characterize the decennial variations in the morphology of the São Gonçalo channel and its adjacencies, especially after the construction of a dam in the channel in 1977, design to prevent the entry of salt water into the Mirim Lake. This research was based in aerial images of the years of 1953, 1964, and 1974 and Landsat satellite images from 1973 to 2017. A more detailed observation was made with images from Google Earth Pro, in the years of 2011 to 2017. Significant changes were not perceived along the channel, however at its mouth, near Patos Lagoon, downstream of the dam, changes were observed. In areas adjacent to the channel’s mouth, specifically at the Pontal da Barra in the Praia do Laranjal, an area with shoreline retreat of 1.4 meters per year was estimated. Conversely, areas of accretion were identified at Balneário Santo Antônio, with an estimated rate of 0.7 meters per year in the middle of the beach, and to south of the channel’s mouth, on the opposite side of the São Gonçalo channel, an accretion rate of 0.4 meters per year was observed. In addition, the development of two sandspits near the channel’s mouth were noticed, one in the north, at Pontal da Barra, and another in the south, located in Rio Grande. The high sedimentary intake observed in a region of the Pontal da Barra is likely the result of natural processes, mainly the effect of wind from the NE which generate waves at an oblique angle. These sediments are transported by longshore drift mainly directed to the south. The sediments were deposited forming a bar in this region of the Pontal da Barra and are still accumulating in the São Gonçalo channel’s mouth. The bar feature has grown 133 meters towards the channel and keeps growing. It was noticed in the Pontal da Barra, a high remobilization of sandbanks, observing a migrating sandbank, probably related to the erosion areas in the adjacencies, that end up deposited in the bar feature. It is suggested that, with the decrease of the water levels, the sandbar presents a more likely to grow to the southwest, however, when the levels rise, the sandbar exhibit a development to the southeast. In the other side of the São Gonçalo channel, in the year of 1974 the spit at the Ponta do Silveira presented several directions of growth, by 1980 it started to develop only in one direction (southwest). However, it was segmented in the year of 2014, generating, therefore, a new feature in the lagoon.
Descrição
Dissertação (Mestrado)
Palavras-chave
Fotos aéreas, Imagens de satélite, Canal São Gonçalo, Pontal arenoso, Aerial photographs, Satellite images, São Gonçalo channel, Sand spit
Citação
AMBROSI, Emanuele. Variabilidade da linha de costa na foz do canal São Gonçalo e adjacências da Lagoa Dos Patos. 2018. 125f. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Oceânica, Escola de Engenharia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, 2018.
