Uso de diferentes condições de cultivo para obtenção de biomassa de Spirulina sp. LEB 18 com aplicação de campos magnéticos
Resumo
Microalgas podem ser consideradas um dos mais eficientes sistemas biológicos de transformação
de energia solar em compostos orgânicos. Por apresentar em sua composição aminoácidos
essenciais, vitaminas, pigmentos, ácidos graxos poli-insaturados e sais minerais, bem como
elevado teor proteico, a adição da biomassa de Spirulina pode ser empregada para melhorar o
valor nutricional de produtos alimentícios. A aplicação de campos magnéticos (CM) em cultivos
destaca-se devido sua capacidade de interação com funções biológicas dos organismos, através
de alterações no crescimento celular. Portanto, o objetivo do estudo foi realizar modificações nas
condições de cultivo e aplicar CM no cultivo de Spirulina sp. LEB 18 para obtenção de biomassa
com potencial aplicação em suplementos proteicos. Os cultivos foram realizados durante 16 d
em fotobiorreatores tubulares verticais de 2 L com volume útil de 1,8 L, mantidos em estufas
termostatizadas com fotoperíodo de 12 h (claro/escuro), iluminância de 30 μmol m-2 s-1, aeração
de 0,3 vvm e concentração inicial de biomassa de 0,2 g L-1. Avaliou-se nos ensaios a utilização
de diferentes temperaturas (30ºC e 35ºC), concentrações de nitrato de sódio (NaNO3) (2,5 g L-1 e
1,875 g L-1) no meio Zarrouk e aplicação de 30 mT e 60 mT, através da fixação de ímãs de
ferrite ao redor do fotobiorreator. No cultivo controle, os ímãs foram substituídos por material
inerte de mesma dimensão. Durante o cultivo determinou-se concentração de biomassa, pH,
parâmetros cinéticos de crescimento e composição proximal da biomassa. Nas melhores
condições de cultivo determinou-se a composição proximal, bem como digestibilidade proteica
in vitro e solubilidade proteica. Obteve-se maior concentração de biomassa ao utilizar 60 mT,
30ºC e 1,875 g L-1 de NaNO3, sendo esta 27,1 % superior ao cultivo controle. Não houve
diferença na concentração de proteínas na biomassa para os ensaios realizados, mas a aplicação
de 60 mT reduziu em 247,5 % a concentração de carboidratos. A biomassa com maior
digestibilidade proteica in vitro foi encontrada no cultivo controle (78,4 %), porém a maior
solubilidade foi encontrada na biomassa obtida no cultivo exposto a 60 mT, sendo 89 % em pH
6. Sendo assim, pode-se concluir que a biomassa obtida no cultivo submetido a exposição de CM
é promissora para ser utilizada como ingrediente no desenvolvimento de suplementos proteicos.
Microalgae can be considered one of the most efficient biological systems to transform solar energy into organic compounds. Because it contains essential amino acids, vitamins, pigments, polyunsaturated fatty acids, mineral salts and high protein content. The addition of the biomass of this microalga can be used to improve the nutritional value of food products. The magnetic field (MF) application in cultures has been highlighted due to the ability of the MF to interact with biological functions of organisms, through changes in cell growth. Therefore, the objective of the study was to modify the culture conditions and to apply MF in Spirulina sp. LEB 18 to obtain biomass with potential application in protein supplements. The cultures were carried out for 16 d in 2 L vertical tubular photobioreactors with a useful volume of 1.8 L. It kept in thermostatic incubators with 12 h photoperiod (light/dark), 30 μmol m-2 s-1 illuminance and aeration of 0.3 vvm. The initial concentration was 0.2 g L-1. In the cultures was evaluated the use of different temperatures (30ºC and 35 ºC), concentrations of sodium nitrate (NaNO3) (2.5 g L-1 and 1.875 g L-1) in the Zarrouk medium and application of 30 mT and 60 mT, by the fixation of ferrite magnets around the photobioreactor. In the control culture, inert material of the same size replaced the magnets. In the cultivation, biomass concentration, pH, kinetic parameters of growth and proximal composition of the biomass were determined. The proximal composition was determined after obtaining biomass under the best conditions of culture, as well as in vitro protein digestibility and protein solubility. The highest biomass concentration was obtained with 60 mT, 30°C and 1.875 g L-1 of NaNO3, which was 27.1 % higher than the control culture. There was no difference in protein concentration for the assays performed, but the application of 60 mT reduced the carbohydrate concentration by 247.5 %. Biomass with higher protein digestibility in vitro was observed in the control culture (78.4 %), but the highest solubility was found in the biomass obtained in the culture exposed to 60 mT, being 89 % in pH 6. Thus, it can conclude that the biomass obtained in the culture submitted to MF application is promising to be used as an ingredient in the development of protein supplements.
Microalgae can be considered one of the most efficient biological systems to transform solar energy into organic compounds. Because it contains essential amino acids, vitamins, pigments, polyunsaturated fatty acids, mineral salts and high protein content. The addition of the biomass of this microalga can be used to improve the nutritional value of food products. The magnetic field (MF) application in cultures has been highlighted due to the ability of the MF to interact with biological functions of organisms, through changes in cell growth. Therefore, the objective of the study was to modify the culture conditions and to apply MF in Spirulina sp. LEB 18 to obtain biomass with potential application in protein supplements. The cultures were carried out for 16 d in 2 L vertical tubular photobioreactors with a useful volume of 1.8 L. It kept in thermostatic incubators with 12 h photoperiod (light/dark), 30 μmol m-2 s-1 illuminance and aeration of 0.3 vvm. The initial concentration was 0.2 g L-1. In the cultures was evaluated the use of different temperatures (30ºC and 35 ºC), concentrations of sodium nitrate (NaNO3) (2.5 g L-1 and 1.875 g L-1) in the Zarrouk medium and application of 30 mT and 60 mT, by the fixation of ferrite magnets around the photobioreactor. In the control culture, inert material of the same size replaced the magnets. In the cultivation, biomass concentration, pH, kinetic parameters of growth and proximal composition of the biomass were determined. The proximal composition was determined after obtaining biomass under the best conditions of culture, as well as in vitro protein digestibility and protein solubility. The highest biomass concentration was obtained with 60 mT, 30°C and 1.875 g L-1 of NaNO3, which was 27.1 % higher than the control culture. There was no difference in protein concentration for the assays performed, but the application of 60 mT reduced the carbohydrate concentration by 247.5 %. Biomass with higher protein digestibility in vitro was observed in the control culture (78.4 %), but the highest solubility was found in the biomass obtained in the culture exposed to 60 mT, being 89 % in pH 6. Thus, it can conclude that the biomass obtained in the culture submitted to MF application is promising to be used as an ingredient in the development of protein supplements.
Descrição
Dissertação (Mestrado)
Palavras-chave
Microalga, Fotobiorreator tubular, Proteína, Digestibilidade proteica, Solubilidade Proteica, Microalgae, Tubular photobioreactor, Protein, Protein digestibility, Protein solubility
Citação
VEIGA, Mayara Copello. Uso de diferentes condições de cultivo para obtenção de biomassa de Spirulina sp. LEB 18 com aplicação de campos magnéticos. 2018. 82 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia e Ciência de Alimentos) - Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia e Ciência de Alimentos, Escola de Química e Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, 2018.
