Inclusão, feminismo e violência: problematizando as experiências das mulheres indígenas na FURG
Resumo
Esta tese de doutorado, foi desenvolvida no âmbito da linha de pesquisa “Discursos, culturas e subjetividades na Educação em Ciências”, do Programa de Pós-Graduação de Educação em Ciências – PPGEC, da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande – FURG. Objetiva tecer interlocuções com as experiências das mulheres indígenas da FURG, a fim de problematizar seus processos de constituição enquanto mulheres indígenas universitárias. Por meio de uma pesquisa narrativa, entrevisto nove estudantes indígenas matriculadas nos cursos de graduação da Universidade, partindo da ideia de que estar na universidade representa um importante passo na luta das mulheres indígenas por igualdade de gênero, considerando os aspectos culturais das sociedades indígenas. Levando em conta que as mulheres indígenas saem de suas aldeias e conhecem possibilidades outras de existência, para além daquelas presumidas para uma mulher, voltadas ao casamento e à maternidade, tomo por base um referencial teórico baseado nos estudos feministas e de gênero e apresento dois eixos de análise: a invisibilidade das mulheres indígenas e a sua cidadania limitada, acionando conceitos de feminismo indígena, decolonialidade e interseccionalidade e discutindo a presença feminina em espaços políticos públicos, estranhando tudo que está posto e naturalizado para a condição de mulher, em especial, de indígena, duplamente invisibilizada pelo discurso masculino e colonizador da inferioridade feminina, como indígena e como mulher. Nesse sentido, abordo o eixo analítico da questão da violência contra as mulheres indígenas, evidenciando padrões culturais que envolvem a aplicação da Lei Maria da Penha no contexto indígena. Numa perspectiva teórico- metodológica pós-estruturalista dos estudos de Michel Foucault, a partir dos conceitos de problematização, subjetivação e governamentalidade, apresento o eixo analítico das ações afirmativas e a governamentalidade neoliberal democrática, buscando problematizar a presença das mulheres indígenas no ensino superior e compreender como esta possibilidade outra oferecida a essas mulheres vem se constituindo, contornando as verdades produzidas pelo discurso das políticas públicas inclusivas, de igualdade de oportunidades a minorias historicamente excluídas no Brasil. Ainda, apresento o último eixo de análise desta pesquisa, os deslocamentos no imperativo de inclusão e a formação neofascista da governamentalidade, a partir do cenário político de discursos fascistas de gestão pela morte, mesmo que social, diante de práticas de exclusão que se fortalecem nos dias atuais, contra os povos indígenas, discutindo as noções de in/exclusão, de racismo de Estado e necropolítica, enquanto elementos que caracterizam a racionalidade política neoliberal contemporânea brasileira. A partir dessas discussões, finalizo a escrita da tese, apresentando o conceito foucaultiano de reproblematização como uma possibilidade de resistência a situações que insistem em se fazer presentes, ainda que no contexto acadêmico, como o machismo e a violência doméstica, que acompanham os homens indígenas até a universidade, evidenciando a necessidade de se problematizar o seu próprio comportamento, num trabalho de si sobre si mesmo, enquanto uma estratégia política de existência, na qual existir significa resistir, abrangendo uma exi(resis)tência para além das questões de gênero, mas de toda uma população.
This doctoral thesis, developed within the scope of the research line “Discourses, cultures and subjectivities in Science Education”, of the Graduate Program in Science Education – PPGEC, of the Federal University of Rio Grande – FURG, seeks to make dialogues with the experiences of indigenous women at FURG, in order to problematize their constitution processes as indigenous university women. Through a narrative research, I interview nine indigenous students enrolled in undergraduate courses at the University, based on the idea that being at the university represents an important step in the struggle of indigenous women for gender equality, considering the cultural aspects of indigenous societies. Taking into account that indigenous women leave their villages and know other possibilities of existence, in addition to those ones assumed for a woman, aimed at marriage and motherhood, I take as a basis a theoretical framework based on feminist and gender studies, I present two strands of analysis: the invisibility of indigenous women and their limited citizenship, triggering concepts triggering concepts of indigenous feminism, decoloniality and intersectionality, discussing the female presence in public political spaces, surprising everything that is put and naturalized for the condition of woman, in particular, the indigenous, doubly invisible by the masculine and colonizing discourse of female inferiority, as an indigenous and as a woman. In this sense, I approach the analytical strand of the issue of violence against indigenous women, highlighting cultural patterns that involve the application of the Maria da Penha Law in the indigenous context. In a post-structuralist theoretical-methodological perspective of Michel Foucault's studies, based on the concepts of problematization, subjectivation and governmentality, I present the analytical strand of affirmative action and democratic neoliberal governmentality, seeking to problematize the presence of indigenous women in college education and to understand how this other possibility offered to these women has been constituted, circumventing the truths produced by the discourse of inclusive public policies, that is, equal opportunities to historically excluded minorities in Brazil. Still, I present the last strand of analysis of this research, the displacements in the imperative of inclusion and the neo-fascist formation of governmentality, from the political scenario of fascist discourses of management by death, even if social, in the face of exclusion practices that are strengthened in the nowadays, against indigenous peoples, discussing the notions of in/exclusion, State racism and necropolitics, as elements that characterize a displacement in contemporary Brazilian neoliberal political rationality. From these discussions, I conclude the writing of the thesis, presenting the foucaultian concept of reproblematization as a possibility of resistance to situations that insist on being present, even in the academic context, as in the case of machismo and domestic violence, that that follow indigenous men until the university, evidencing the need to problematize one's own behavior, in a work of oneself on oneself, as a political strategy of existence, in which to exist means to resist, embracing an existence beyond gender issues, but of an entire population.
This doctoral thesis, developed within the scope of the research line “Discourses, cultures and subjectivities in Science Education”, of the Graduate Program in Science Education – PPGEC, of the Federal University of Rio Grande – FURG, seeks to make dialogues with the experiences of indigenous women at FURG, in order to problematize their constitution processes as indigenous university women. Through a narrative research, I interview nine indigenous students enrolled in undergraduate courses at the University, based on the idea that being at the university represents an important step in the struggle of indigenous women for gender equality, considering the cultural aspects of indigenous societies. Taking into account that indigenous women leave their villages and know other possibilities of existence, in addition to those ones assumed for a woman, aimed at marriage and motherhood, I take as a basis a theoretical framework based on feminist and gender studies, I present two strands of analysis: the invisibility of indigenous women and their limited citizenship, triggering concepts triggering concepts of indigenous feminism, decoloniality and intersectionality, discussing the female presence in public political spaces, surprising everything that is put and naturalized for the condition of woman, in particular, the indigenous, doubly invisible by the masculine and colonizing discourse of female inferiority, as an indigenous and as a woman. In this sense, I approach the analytical strand of the issue of violence against indigenous women, highlighting cultural patterns that involve the application of the Maria da Penha Law in the indigenous context. In a post-structuralist theoretical-methodological perspective of Michel Foucault's studies, based on the concepts of problematization, subjectivation and governmentality, I present the analytical strand of affirmative action and democratic neoliberal governmentality, seeking to problematize the presence of indigenous women in college education and to understand how this other possibility offered to these women has been constituted, circumventing the truths produced by the discourse of inclusive public policies, that is, equal opportunities to historically excluded minorities in Brazil. Still, I present the last strand of analysis of this research, the displacements in the imperative of inclusion and the neo-fascist formation of governmentality, from the political scenario of fascist discourses of management by death, even if social, in the face of exclusion practices that are strengthened in the nowadays, against indigenous peoples, discussing the notions of in/exclusion, State racism and necropolitics, as elements that characterize a displacement in contemporary Brazilian neoliberal political rationality. From these discussions, I conclude the writing of the thesis, presenting the foucaultian concept of reproblematization as a possibility of resistance to situations that insist on being present, even in the academic context, as in the case of machismo and domestic violence, that that follow indigenous men until the university, evidencing the need to problematize one's own behavior, in a work of oneself on oneself, as a political strategy of existence, in which to exist means to resist, embracing an existence beyond gender issues, but of an entire population.
Descrição
Tese (doutorado)
Palavras-chave
Mulheres indígenas universitárias, Ações afirmativas, Equidade, Problematização, Governamentalidade, Violência, Colonialidade, Feminismo indígena, University indigenous women, Affirmative actions, Equity, Problematization, Governmentality, Violence, Coloniality, Indigenous feminism
Citação
MOLINA, Karina da SIlva. Inclusão, feminismo e violência: problematizando as experiências das mulheres indígenas na FURG. 2022. 288f. Tese (Doutorado em Educação) – Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação em Ciências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, 2022.