Aplicação de filmes de quitosana para adsorção de corantes alimentícios em soluções aquosas
Resumo
Os azo-corantes, amaranto e tartrazina, são amplamente utilizados nas indústrias de
alimentos a fim de melhorar visualmente os produtos alimentícios. No entanto, para isso são
empregadas grandes quantidades de água e devido as baixas taxas de fixação são gerados
altos volumes de efluentes coloridos. O descarte inadequado destes efluentes pode causar
problemas ao sistema aquático e a cadeia alimentar, sendo extremamente prejudicial ao
ambiente e aos seres humanos. Devido à dificuldade de tratamento pelos métodos
convencionais, têm se utilizado a adsorção como alternativa, e estudos buscando novos
adsorventes são necessários para o tratamento deste efluente. Atualmente o adsorvente
mais empregado é carvão ativado, no entanto, seu uso é oneroso quando comparado com
outros métodos para tratamento de efluentes coloridos. Um potencial adsorvente que vêm
despertando inúmeros estudos devido ao seu custo benefício e por ser de fonte renovável é
a quitosana. Além disso, este biopolímero apresenta-se muito eficaz na adsorção de uma
ampla faixa de corantes alimentício. A quitosana é um biopolímero obtido pela desacetilação
alcalina da quitina, apresenta um caráter catiônico e é uma matéria-prima promissora para
fins de adsorção. Porém uma das limitações para sua aplicabilidade como adsorvente é a
dificuldade de separação sólido-líquido após o processo. Assim, o desenvolvimento de
materiais à base de quitosana, os quais facilitem a separação de fases após a adsorção é
desejável, sendo que o emprego de quitosana na forma de filmes mostrou-se eficiente para
a adsorção dos corantes azul de indigotina e vermelho eritrosina. Então, o objetivo do
presente trabalho foi estudar a utilização de filmes de quitosana para a adsorção de dois
diferentes corantes utilizados nas indústrias de alimentos, o amaranto e a tartrazina. Estes
filmes foram preparados pela técnica casting e caracterizados. A metodologia de superfície
de resposta foi utilizada para otimizar o processo de adsorção em função das variáveis que
mais influenciaram no processo obtidas através de testes preliminares pH (2 , 3 e 4) e da
concentração de filmes de quitosana (100, 150 e 200 mg L-1
). As possíveis interações dos
filmes de quitosana e corante foram investigadas pelas técnicas de espectroscopia de
infravermelho, espectroscopia de energia dispersiva de raios-X, análise termogravimétrica,
inchamento, propriedades mecânicas, microscopia eletrônica de varredura, espessura e
alongamento e parâmetros de cor. Também foram realizados estudos dos ciclos de
adsorção-dessorção. Os resultados deste presente trabalho mostraram que, para ambos os
corantes, a maior capacidade de adsorção foi obtida em pH 2 e concentração de filme de
quitosana de 100 mg L-1
. Sob estas condições, as capacidades de tartrazina e amaranto de
adsorção foram 413,8 e 278,3 mg g-1
, respectivamente. As melhores interações entre os
grupos amino protonados dos filmes de quitosana e forma aniônica dos corantes ocorreu em
pH baixo.
The azo-dyes, amaranth and tartrazine, are widely used in food industries in order to visually enhance the food products. However for this are employed large amounts of water and due the low rates of attachment are generated high volumes of colored effluents. The improper disposal of these effluents can cause problems to the water system and the food chain, being extremely prejuducial to the environment and to the human being. Due to the difficulty of treatment by conventional methods, have been used as an alternative adsorption, and research in search of new adsorbents are needed for the treatment of this effluent. Currently the most used adsorbent is activated carbon, however, their use is onerous when compared with other methods for treatment of colored effluents. A potential adsorbent that has attracted numerous studies due to its cost-benefit and to be from renewable sources is the chitosan. Moreover, this biopolymer presents very effective in a capture wide range of food dyes. Chitosan is a biopolymer obtained by alkaline deacetylation of chitin, it has a cationic character and is a promising raw material for adsorption purposes. But one of the limitations to its applicability as an adsorbent is the difficulty in solid-liquid separation after the process. Thus, the development of chitosan based materials, which facilitate the phase separation after the adsorption is desirable. The use of films of chitosan was efficient for the dyes adsorption of indigo blue and erythrosine red. So, the aim of this study was to investigate the use of chitosan films for adsorption of two different dyes used in foods industries (amaranth and tartrazine). The response surface methodology was used to optimize the adsorption process as a function of the variables that influenced the process obtained by preliminary tests pH (2, 3, 4) and chitosan film concentration (100, 150 and 200 mg L -1 ). Possible interactions of chitosan films with dyes were investigated by infrared spectroscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy X-ray, thermal analysis, swelling, mechanical properties, scanning electron microscopy and color parameters. Studies of adsorption-desorption cycles were also performed. The results of this study showed that for both dyes, the higher adsorption capacity was obtained at pH 2 and chitosan concentration of 100 mg L-1 film. Under these conditions, the capabilities of tartrazine and amaranth adsorption were 413.8 and 278.3 mg g-1, respectively. The interactions among the best films of protonated chitosan and anionic form of the dye amino groups occurred at low pH.
The azo-dyes, amaranth and tartrazine, are widely used in food industries in order to visually enhance the food products. However for this are employed large amounts of water and due the low rates of attachment are generated high volumes of colored effluents. The improper disposal of these effluents can cause problems to the water system and the food chain, being extremely prejuducial to the environment and to the human being. Due to the difficulty of treatment by conventional methods, have been used as an alternative adsorption, and research in search of new adsorbents are needed for the treatment of this effluent. Currently the most used adsorbent is activated carbon, however, their use is onerous when compared with other methods for treatment of colored effluents. A potential adsorbent that has attracted numerous studies due to its cost-benefit and to be from renewable sources is the chitosan. Moreover, this biopolymer presents very effective in a capture wide range of food dyes. Chitosan is a biopolymer obtained by alkaline deacetylation of chitin, it has a cationic character and is a promising raw material for adsorption purposes. But one of the limitations to its applicability as an adsorbent is the difficulty in solid-liquid separation after the process. Thus, the development of chitosan based materials, which facilitate the phase separation after the adsorption is desirable. The use of films of chitosan was efficient for the dyes adsorption of indigo blue and erythrosine red. So, the aim of this study was to investigate the use of chitosan films for adsorption of two different dyes used in foods industries (amaranth and tartrazine). The response surface methodology was used to optimize the adsorption process as a function of the variables that influenced the process obtained by preliminary tests pH (2, 3, 4) and chitosan film concentration (100, 150 and 200 mg L -1 ). Possible interactions of chitosan films with dyes were investigated by infrared spectroscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy X-ray, thermal analysis, swelling, mechanical properties, scanning electron microscopy and color parameters. Studies of adsorption-desorption cycles were also performed. The results of this study showed that for both dyes, the higher adsorption capacity was obtained at pH 2 and chitosan concentration of 100 mg L-1 film. Under these conditions, the capabilities of tartrazine and amaranth adsorption were 413.8 and 278.3 mg g-1, respectively. The interactions among the best films of protonated chitosan and anionic form of the dye amino groups occurred at low pH.
Descrição
Dissertação (Mestrado)
Palavras-chave
Adsorção, Corantes alimentícios, Dessorção, Filmes de quitosana, Técnica casting, Adsorption, Casting technique, Chitosan films, Desorption, Food dyes
Citação
RÊGO, Tatiane Vieira. Aplicação de filmes de quitosana para adsorção de corantes alimentícios em soluções aquosas. 2014. 65 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia e Ciência de Alimentos) - Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia e Ciência de Alimentos, Escola de Química e Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, 2014.
