Simulação numérica e método design construtal aplicados à análise geométrica de placas retangulares enrijecidas submetidas a carregamento transversal uniforme
Resumo
Placas são componentes estruturais aplicáveis em diversas estruturas de engenharia. Em estruturas navais, tais como, navios e plataformas petrolíferas, as placas são responsáveis por compor grande parte do conjunto estrutural. Para aumentar a rigidez, usualmente são inseridos reforços chamados de enrijecedores, dispostos normalmente nos sentidos longitudinal e/ou transversal das placas. Neste estudo aplicou-se o método Design Construtal para analisar o comportamento mecânico de placas enrijecidas sujeitas a carregamento transversal uniforme quanto às deflexões, através de modelos computacionais desenvolvidos no software ANSYS®, que possui como base o Método dos Elementos Finitos. A análise foi dividida em dois estudos de caso. O primeiro destinou-se a investigar a influência causada pela orientação dos enrijecedores ao comportamento mecânico das placas. Para tal, partindo de uma placa de referência não enrijecida e mantendo o volume total de material constante, parcelas de volume de material da mesma foram removidas da espessura e transformadas em enrijecedores retangulares através da fração volumétrica φ, que relaciona o volume de material dos enrijecedores com volume de material da placa de referência, para valores de φ = 0,1; 0,2; 0,3; 0,4 e 0,5. Para cada valor de φ foram configurados 25 arranjos de placas enrijecidas com diferentes números de enrijecedores retangulares orientados em 0° e 45°. Ainda, em cada arranjo avaliou-se a influência da variação do grau de liberdade dado pela razão entre altura e espessura dos enrijecedores hs /ts . O segundo estudo de caso avaliou a influência de enrijecedores trapezoidais. Para isso, duas etapas foram apresentadas. A primeira destinou-se a descobrir qual seria a melhor razão entre as bases dos enrijecedores trapezoidais orientados em 0°, adotando uma placa com φ = 0,3 e três enrijecedores nas direções longitudinal e transversal. Com base na primeira etapa, a segunda etapa consistiu na análise de 25 arranjos de placas com diferentes números de enrijecedores trapezoidais (orientados em 0°) nas direções longitudinal e transversal, e assim, avaliou-se a influência quanto às deflexões. Os resultados mostraram que em grande parte dos arranjos de placas com enrijecedores retangulares, orientá-los em 45° é mais vantajoso para a redução das deflexões, quando comparados com enrijecedores retangulares orientados em 0°, principalmente para valores de φ ≤ 0,3, podendo alcançar reduções nas deflexões centrais e máximas maiores do que 60%. Em relação aos arranjos de placas com enrijecedores trapezoidais, estes mostraram-se mais eficientes do que os enrijecedores retangulares orientados em 0° podendo alcançar reduções de até 30% nas deflexões centrais e máximas. Porém em comparação com os enrijecedores orientados em 45° os enrijecedores trapezoidais apresentaram vantagem em apenas alguns casos.
Plates are structural components applicable in several engineering structures. In naval structures, such as ships and oil rigs, the plates are responsible for compose a large part of the structural arrangement. To increase rigidity, usually, are inserted reinforcements, called stiffeners normally in the longitudinal and/or transverse directions of the plates. In this study the Construtal Design method was applied to analyze the mechanical behavior of stiffened plates subjected to uniform transverse loading as to the deflections, through computational models developed by ANSYS® software which is based on the Finite Element method. The analysis was divided into two case studies. The first one it was aimed to investigate the influence that the orientation of the stiffeners causes the mechanical behavior of the plates. To do this, starting from a non-stiffened reference plate and keeping the total volume of material constant, material volume portions of it were removed from the thickness and converted into rectangular stiffeners through the volumetric fraction φ, which relates the volume of material of the stiffeners with volume of material of the reference plate, for values of φ = 0.1; 0.2; 0.3; 0.4 and 0.5. For each value of φ were configured 25 stiffened plates arrangements with different numbers of rectangular stiffeners oriented at 0° and 45°. Also, in each arrangement, the influence of the degree of freedom variation given by the relation between height and thickness of the stiffeners hs /ts was evaluated. The second case study aimed to analyze the influence of trapezoidal stiffeners. For this, two stages were presented. The first one it was aimed to find out the best relation between the bases of the trapezoidal stiffeners oriented at 0°, adopting a plate with φ = 0.3 and three stiffeners in the longitudinal and transverse directions. Based on the first step, the second one analyzed 25 plate arrangements with different numbers of trapezoidal stiffeners (oriented at 0°) in the longitudinal and transverse directions, and thus, their influence on the deflections was evaluated. The results showed that in a large part of the plate arrangements with rectangular stiffeners, orienting them at 45 ° is more advantageous regarding of deflections reduction, when compared with rectangular stiffeners oriented at 0°, mainly for values of φ ≤ 0.3, achieving reductions in the central and maximum deflections greater than 60%. Regarding to the plate arrangements with trapezoidal stiffeners, these were more efficient than rectangular stiffeners oriented at 0°, achieving until 30% of reduction in the central and maximum deflections. However, comparing rectangular stiffeners oriented at 45° with the trapezoidal stiffeners, these had an advantage in only a few cases.
Plates are structural components applicable in several engineering structures. In naval structures, such as ships and oil rigs, the plates are responsible for compose a large part of the structural arrangement. To increase rigidity, usually, are inserted reinforcements, called stiffeners normally in the longitudinal and/or transverse directions of the plates. In this study the Construtal Design method was applied to analyze the mechanical behavior of stiffened plates subjected to uniform transverse loading as to the deflections, through computational models developed by ANSYS® software which is based on the Finite Element method. The analysis was divided into two case studies. The first one it was aimed to investigate the influence that the orientation of the stiffeners causes the mechanical behavior of the plates. To do this, starting from a non-stiffened reference plate and keeping the total volume of material constant, material volume portions of it were removed from the thickness and converted into rectangular stiffeners through the volumetric fraction φ, which relates the volume of material of the stiffeners with volume of material of the reference plate, for values of φ = 0.1; 0.2; 0.3; 0.4 and 0.5. For each value of φ were configured 25 stiffened plates arrangements with different numbers of rectangular stiffeners oriented at 0° and 45°. Also, in each arrangement, the influence of the degree of freedom variation given by the relation between height and thickness of the stiffeners hs /ts was evaluated. The second case study aimed to analyze the influence of trapezoidal stiffeners. For this, two stages were presented. The first one it was aimed to find out the best relation between the bases of the trapezoidal stiffeners oriented at 0°, adopting a plate with φ = 0.3 and three stiffeners in the longitudinal and transverse directions. Based on the first step, the second one analyzed 25 plate arrangements with different numbers of trapezoidal stiffeners (oriented at 0°) in the longitudinal and transverse directions, and thus, their influence on the deflections was evaluated. The results showed that in a large part of the plate arrangements with rectangular stiffeners, orienting them at 45 ° is more advantageous regarding of deflections reduction, when compared with rectangular stiffeners oriented at 0°, mainly for values of φ ≤ 0.3, achieving reductions in the central and maximum deflections greater than 60%. Regarding to the plate arrangements with trapezoidal stiffeners, these were more efficient than rectangular stiffeners oriented at 0°, achieving until 30% of reduction in the central and maximum deflections. However, comparing rectangular stiffeners oriented at 45° with the trapezoidal stiffeners, these had an advantage in only a few cases.
Descrição
Dissertação (Mestrado)
Palavras-chave
Enrijecedores retangulares, Enrijecedores trapezoidais, Enrijecedores inclinados à 45°, Método dos Elementos Finitos, Rectangular stiffeners, Trapezoidal stiffeners, Stiffeners leaned at 45°, Finite Element Method
Citação
PINTO, Vinícius Torres. Simulação numérica e método design construtal aplicados à análise geométrica de placas retangulares enrijecidas submetidas a carregamento transversal uniforme. 2019. 115f. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Oceânica, Escola de Engenharia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, 2019.
