As políticas curriculares contemporâneas para a Educação Infantil: uma estratégia de governamento das infâncias
Resumo
Esta dissertação, vinculada à linha de pesquisa Políticas Educacionais e Currículo, tem por objetivo analisar os deslocamentos do conceito infância e seus modos de educá-la nas políticas curriculares contemporâneas para a etapa da Educação Infantil. Para isso, foram analisados documentos oficiais que ganham notoriedade no contexto contemporâneo, os quais são: Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Educação Infantil (2009) e a Base Nacional Comum Curricular (2017). A realização dessa pesquisa se pautou na perspectiva pós-estruturalista, com as contribuições do autor Michel Foucault, sendo utilizado conceitos-ferramentas, tais como: governamento e a noção de governamentalidade como grade de inteligibilidade. A metodologia deste estudo foi construída a partir de cunho qualitativo, problematizador e analítico, empreendendo três eixos de análise que se articulam para compreender as estratégias de governamento infantil. O primeiro eixo busca mostrar os discursos sobre as crianças nos documentos, onde, nas Diretrizes, se configuram como infância de direitos para que possam exercer sua cidadania e fazerem parte da engrenagem social neoliberal. Já a BNCC, ao mesmo tempo que traz discursos com relação ao direito, se desloca para a noção de uma infância competente, tendo em vista a ênfase nas competências e habilidades, para que possam entrar no jogo econômico. O segundo eixo explicita como as crianças vêm sendo alvo de investimento para evitar os riscos que podem vir a apresentar na vida em sociedade. Nas DCNEI, há um investimento da infância no presente, ao apresentarem as interações e as brincadeiras como eixo do currículo, bem como a autonomia das crianças. Na BNCC, é possível perceber um investimento da infância no futuro, o qual vai instituir aprendizagens mínimas que precisam ser obtidas para serem bem-sucedidas. No terceiro eixo, apresenta-se os discursos que explicitam as formas como a infância vem sendo educada, produzindo a conduta infantil. Nas DCNEI, foi possível identificar as práticas pedagógicas a partir da diversidade de experiências. Já na BNCC foi possível perceber o deslocamento para uma prática pedagógica que apresenta objetivos por faixa etária e o acirramento da regulação docente, por meio da padronização do currículo. A partir destes deslocamentos, foi possível destacar as estratégias de governamento da infância, sendo operadas a partir de uma racionalidade neoliberal, que se (re)configura de formas diferentes nas políticas curriculares contemporâneas para a infância.
This dissertation aims to analyse the shifts of the concept of childhood and its ways of educating it in contemporary curriculum policies for the stage of Early Childhood Education. Towards this end, official documents that gain notoriety in the current context were analysed, which are National Curricular Guidelines for Early Childhood Education (2009) and the Common National Curricular Base (2017). The realization of this research was based on the poststructuralist perspective, with the contributions of the author Michel Foucault, using conceptstools, such as government and the notion of governmentality as an intelligibility grid to understand which principles the analysed documents are based on. The methodology of this study was built from a qualitative, problematizing and analytical nature for the object of research, undertaking three axes of analysis that are articulated to understand the strategies of child government. The first axis seeks to show the speeches about children in the documents, where the Guidelines are configured as a childhood of rights so that they can exercise their citizenship and be part of the neoliberal social gear. The BNCC, while bringing speeches regarding the right, addresses about the notion of a competent childhood, in view of the emphasis on skills and abilities so that they can enter the economic game. The second axis explains how children have been the target of investment in order to avoid the risks that they may present in life in society. In DCNEI, there is an investment of childhood in the present, by presenting interactions and games as an axis of the curriculum, as well as children's autonomy. At BNCC, it is clear that the investment is in the childhood of the future, which will establish minimum learning that must be obtained in order to be successful. In the third axis, the speeches that explain the ways in which childhood has been educated, producing childish conduct, are presented. At DCNEI, it was possible to identify pedagogical practices based on the diversity of experiences. On the other hand, at BNCC, it was possible to perceive the shift towards a pedagogical practice that presents objectives by age group and the intensification of teacher regulation, through the standardization of the curriculum. From these shifts, it was possible to highlight the government strategies of childhood, being operated from a neoliberal rationality, which is (re)configured in different ways in contemporary curricular policies for childhood.
This dissertation aims to analyse the shifts of the concept of childhood and its ways of educating it in contemporary curriculum policies for the stage of Early Childhood Education. Towards this end, official documents that gain notoriety in the current context were analysed, which are National Curricular Guidelines for Early Childhood Education (2009) and the Common National Curricular Base (2017). The realization of this research was based on the poststructuralist perspective, with the contributions of the author Michel Foucault, using conceptstools, such as government and the notion of governmentality as an intelligibility grid to understand which principles the analysed documents are based on. The methodology of this study was built from a qualitative, problematizing and analytical nature for the object of research, undertaking three axes of analysis that are articulated to understand the strategies of child government. The first axis seeks to show the speeches about children in the documents, where the Guidelines are configured as a childhood of rights so that they can exercise their citizenship and be part of the neoliberal social gear. The BNCC, while bringing speeches regarding the right, addresses about the notion of a competent childhood, in view of the emphasis on skills and abilities so that they can enter the economic game. The second axis explains how children have been the target of investment in order to avoid the risks that they may present in life in society. In DCNEI, there is an investment of childhood in the present, by presenting interactions and games as an axis of the curriculum, as well as children's autonomy. At BNCC, it is clear that the investment is in the childhood of the future, which will establish minimum learning that must be obtained in order to be successful. In the third axis, the speeches that explain the ways in which childhood has been educated, producing childish conduct, are presented. At DCNEI, it was possible to identify pedagogical practices based on the diversity of experiences. On the other hand, at BNCC, it was possible to perceive the shift towards a pedagogical practice that presents objectives by age group and the intensification of teacher regulation, through the standardization of the curriculum. From these shifts, it was possible to highlight the government strategies of childhood, being operated from a neoliberal rationality, which is (re)configured in different ways in contemporary curricular policies for childhood.
Descrição
Dissertação (Mestrado)
Palavras-chave
Infâncias, DCNEI e BNCC, Governamento, Governamentalidade, Childhoods, DCNEI and BNCC, Government, Governmentality
Citação
CRUZ, Amanda Porto da. As políticas curriculares contemporâneas para a Educação Infantil: uma estratégia de governamento das infâncias. 2021. 148 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Educação) - Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação, Instituto de Educação, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, 2021.
