Cultivo de Spirulina sp. LEB 18 e Chlorella fusca LEB 111 suplementado com os fitohormônios Ácido 3-Indolacético e trans-Zeatina
Resumo
As microalgas podem ter sua biomassa utilizada para a alimentação, além de terem potencial industrial para a produção de produtos de alto valor agregado, como ácidos graxos essenciais. Em função disso, a área de biotecnologia microalgal incentiva a busca por novas tecnologias que tornem viáveis a aplicação das microalgas na indústria. Para isso, uma alternativa é a suplementação de fitohormônios nos cultivos microalgais. Esses podem causar efeitos no crescimento e alterar rotas metabólicas de produção de compostos, assim como fazem em plantas. Neste contexto, este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da suplementação dos fitohormônios ácido 3-indolacético (AIA) e trans-zeatina (tZ) nos cultivos de Spirulina sp. LEB 18 e Chlorella fusca LEB 111. Para ambas microalgas a suplementação de 0,01; 0,1; 1 e 10 mg L-1 de AIA e tZ foram avaliadas, além de misturas dos dois fitohormônios em diferentes proporções (0,01 tZ: 1 AIA; 0,1 tZ: 01, AIA; 1 tZ: 0,01 AIA mg L-1). Os experimentos foram divididos em grupo GD, no qual foi realizada amostragem diária e grupo G10, com amostragem a cada 10 dias. Os experimentos foram conduzidos indoor em duplicatas por 30 dias, de forma descontínua. As respostas quanto ao crescimento microalgal foram obtidas a partir da quantificação de biomassa e parâmetros cinéticos de crescimento. A caracterização da biomassa foi realizada pela determinação do conteúdo de carboidratos, lipídios, proteínas e perfil proteico. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que os fitohormônios AIA e tZ são eficientes para estimular o crescimento das microalgas Spirulina sp. LEB 18 e Chlorella fusca LEB 111 e versáteis para induzir a produção de biomoléculas de interesse. As concentrações máximas de biomassa foram obtidas para ambas microalgas com condições de suplementação de AIA e menor frequência de amostragem (G10). Nos experimentos com Spirulina a concentração máxima de biomassa foi 3,7 g L-1 com a adição de 1 mg L-1 de AIA. Da mesma forma a suplementação de 0,1 e 1 mg L-1 de AIA nos cultivos de Chlorella teve como resposta aumentos nas concentrações máxima de biomassa (2,2 g L-1). Além disso, o conteúdo de macrocomponentes foi aumentado atingindo valores de até 70% de proteínas (com suplementação de 1 mg L-1 AIA G10), 21% de carboidratos (com adição de10 mg L-1 AIA G10) e 25% de lipídios (com uso de 0,1 mg L-1 AIA GD) nos cultivos de Spirulina. Nos experimentos com Chlorella, as suplementações de 0,1 e 1 mg L-1 de AIA, 0,01 mg L-1 e 0,1 de tZ e a mistura de 0,01 mg L-1 de tZ e 1 mg L-1 de AIA foram eficientes para aumentar o conteúdo de lipídios (34%), proteínas (50%) e carboidratos (32%), respectivamente. Além disso, ao acompanhar a morfologia das células durante os cultivos se observou que os fitohormônios proporcionaram alongamento acentuado nas células de Spirulina. Sendo assim, a suplementação de fitohormônios se mostrou uma alternativa versátil e promissora para aumentar a produção de biomassa e biomoléculas em microalgas, principalmente para aplicação em industrial, pois tem a capacidade de agregar aumento no acúmulo de biomassa e biomoléculas.
Microalgae can have their biomass used for food, as well as having industrial potential for the production of high added value products, such as essential fatty acids. Because of this, the area of microalgal biotechnology encourages the search for new technologies that make feasible the application of microalgae in industry. For this, an alternative is the supplementation of phytohormones in microalgal cultures. These can cause growth effects and alter metabolic pathways of compound production, just as they do in plants. In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of the supplementation of phytohormones 3-indoleacetic acid (IAA) and trans-zeatin (tZ) on Spirulina sp. LEB 18 and Chlorella fusca LEB 111. For both microalgae the supplementation of 0.01; 0.1; 1 and 10 mg L-1 of IAA and tZ were evaluated, in addition to mixtures of the two phytohormones in different proportions (0.01 tZ: 1 IAA, 0.1 tZ: 01, IAA, 1 tZ: 0.01 IAA mg L-1). The experiments were divided in GD group, in which daily sampling and G10 group, with sampling every 10 days. The experiments were conducted indoor in duplicates for 30 days, discontinuously. Responses for microalgal growth were obtained from the quantification of biomass and kinetic growth parameters. The biomass characterization was performed by determining the carbohydrate, lipid, protein and protein profile content. The results obtained showed that the phytohormones IAA and tZ are efficient to stimulate the growth of Spirulina sp. LEB 18 and Chlorella fusca LEB 111 and versatile to induce the production of biomolecules of interest. Maximum biomass concentrations were obtained for both microalgae with IAA supplementation conditions and lower sampling frequency (G10). In the experiments with Spirulina the maximum concentration of biomass was 3.7 g L-1 with the addition of 1 mg L-1 of IAA. Likewise, supplementation of 0.1 and 1 mg L-1 of IAA in Chlorella cultures resulted in increases in the maximum concentrations of biomass (2.2 g L-1). In addition, the content of macrocomponents was increased to values of up to 70% of proteins (with supplementation of 1 mg L-1 IAA G10), 21% of carbohydrates (with addition of 10 mg L-1 IAA G10) and 25% of lipids (using 0.1 mg L-1 IAA GD) in Spirulina cultures. In the experiments with Chlorella, supplements of 0.1 and 1 mg L-1 of IAA, 0.01 and 0.1 mg L-1 of tZ and the mixture of 0.01 mg L-1 of tZ and 1 mg L-1 of IAA were efficient to increase the content of lipids (34%), proteins (50%) and carbohydrates (32%), respectively. In addition, monitoring the cell morphology during cultivations showed that phytohormones provided marked elongation in Spirulina cells. Thus, phytohormone supplementation has proved to be a versatile and promising alternative to increase the production of biomass and biomolecules in microalgae, mainly for industrial applications, since it has the capacity to increase the accumulation of biomass and biomolecules.
Microalgae can have their biomass used for food, as well as having industrial potential for the production of high added value products, such as essential fatty acids. Because of this, the area of microalgal biotechnology encourages the search for new technologies that make feasible the application of microalgae in industry. For this, an alternative is the supplementation of phytohormones in microalgal cultures. These can cause growth effects and alter metabolic pathways of compound production, just as they do in plants. In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of the supplementation of phytohormones 3-indoleacetic acid (IAA) and trans-zeatin (tZ) on Spirulina sp. LEB 18 and Chlorella fusca LEB 111. For both microalgae the supplementation of 0.01; 0.1; 1 and 10 mg L-1 of IAA and tZ were evaluated, in addition to mixtures of the two phytohormones in different proportions (0.01 tZ: 1 IAA, 0.1 tZ: 01, IAA, 1 tZ: 0.01 IAA mg L-1). The experiments were divided in GD group, in which daily sampling and G10 group, with sampling every 10 days. The experiments were conducted indoor in duplicates for 30 days, discontinuously. Responses for microalgal growth were obtained from the quantification of biomass and kinetic growth parameters. The biomass characterization was performed by determining the carbohydrate, lipid, protein and protein profile content. The results obtained showed that the phytohormones IAA and tZ are efficient to stimulate the growth of Spirulina sp. LEB 18 and Chlorella fusca LEB 111 and versatile to induce the production of biomolecules of interest. Maximum biomass concentrations were obtained for both microalgae with IAA supplementation conditions and lower sampling frequency (G10). In the experiments with Spirulina the maximum concentration of biomass was 3.7 g L-1 with the addition of 1 mg L-1 of IAA. Likewise, supplementation of 0.1 and 1 mg L-1 of IAA in Chlorella cultures resulted in increases in the maximum concentrations of biomass (2.2 g L-1). In addition, the content of macrocomponents was increased to values of up to 70% of proteins (with supplementation of 1 mg L-1 IAA G10), 21% of carbohydrates (with addition of 10 mg L-1 IAA G10) and 25% of lipids (using 0.1 mg L-1 IAA GD) in Spirulina cultures. In the experiments with Chlorella, supplements of 0.1 and 1 mg L-1 of IAA, 0.01 and 0.1 mg L-1 of tZ and the mixture of 0.01 mg L-1 of tZ and 1 mg L-1 of IAA were efficient to increase the content of lipids (34%), proteins (50%) and carbohydrates (32%), respectively. In addition, monitoring the cell morphology during cultivations showed that phytohormones provided marked elongation in Spirulina cells. Thus, phytohormone supplementation has proved to be a versatile and promising alternative to increase the production of biomass and biomolecules in microalgae, mainly for industrial applications, since it has the capacity to increase the accumulation of biomass and biomolecules.
Descrição
Dissertação (Mestrado)
Palavras-chave
Auxina, Biomassa, Biomolécula, Biotecnologia, Citocinina, Microalga, Auxin, Biomass, Biomolecules, Biotechnology, Cytokinin, Lipids, Microalgae
Citação
SILVEIRA, Jéssica Teixeira da. Cultivo de Spirulina sp. LEB 18 e Chlorella fusca LEB 111 suplementado com os fitohormônios Ácido 3-Indolacético e trans-Zeatina. 2019. 113 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia e Ciência de Alimentos) - Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia e Ciência de Alimentos, Escola de Química e Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, 2019.
