Obtenção de promotores de crescimento vegetal a partir de microalgas
Resumo
A demanda por alimentos mais saudáveis, cultivados sem utilização de fertilizantes químicos e
tratados sem pesticidas é cada vez maior. Ainda que os resíduos desses insumos agrícolas
sintéticos encontrados nos alimentos não excedam os limites permitidos para consumo humano,
não se tem conhecimento exato dos efeitos do acúmulo dessas substâncias no organismo. Neste
contexto, microalgas podem representar potenciais alternativas para o melhoramento de
cultivos agrícolas, pois possuem em sua composição compostos que atuam como promotores
do desenvolvimento vegetal. Estes compostos, também chamados de fitohormônios,
desempenham papel importante na mediação do crescimento e respostas ao estresse nas plantas.
Entre os principais fitohormônios estudados, estão a auxina ácido 3-indolacético (AIA) e a
citocinina trans-zeatina (t-Z). Diante do exposto, o presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar
a obtenção de promotores de crescimento vegetal a partir de microalgas. As cepas
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii CC 1021, Chlorella fusca LEB 111, Chlorella vulgaris LEB 112,
Scenedesmus obliquus LEB 117, Synechococcus nidulans LEB 115 e Spirulina sp. LEB 18
pertencentes a Coleção do Laboratório de Engenharia Bioquímica da Universidade Federal do
Rio Grande, foram cultivadas com o intuito de verificar quais se apresentam como potencias
produtoras de AIA e t-Z. Assim, foram realizados cultivos autotróficos com fotoperíodo 12 h
claro/escuro e com luz contínua. Também foram realizados cultivos heterotróficos em modo
batelada alimentada com adição de glicose. Os cultivos autotróficos foram realizados durante
15 dias em fotobiorretores tipo Erlenmeyer com volume útil de 0,4 L, mantidos a 30 °C em
estufa termostatizada, 70 μmolfótons m-2 s-1 e agitação realizada com injeção de ar estéril. Os
cultivos heterotróficos foram realizados durante 10 dias em fotobiorretores tipo Erlenmeyer
com volume útil de 0,4 L, mantidos a 30 °C em câmara incubadora, com agitação orbital de
100 rpm, sem a presença de luz e em modo batelada alimentada mantendo concentração de
0,5 g L-1 de glicose nos meios de cultivo. A microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii foi cultivada
em meio Tris Acetato Fosfato (TAP) durante 10 dias em fotobiorreatores tipo Erlenmeyer com
volume útil de 0,4 L mantidos em câmara incubadora, com agitação orbital de 100 rpm a 25 °C
e 70 μmolfótons m-2 s-1, nas condições autotróficas e heterotróficas citadas anteriormente. Como
resultados, todas as microalgas cresceram e produziram AIA e trans-zeatina endógenos nas três
condições avaliadas (autotrófico 12 h claro/escuro, autotrófico 24 h claro e heterotrófico). As
concentrações de AIA variaram de 1,94 a 56,45 nmol g-1. Enquanto que as concentrações de t-
Z obtidas variaram de 0,06 a 35,52 pmol g-1. A microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii CC1021,
apresentou as maiores concentrações de AIA (20237,34 nmol g-1) e t-Z (2593,89 nmol g-1) com
o cultivo heterotrófico, destacando-se entre as demais microalgas estudadas. Além disso, as
condições de cultivo estudadas foram capazes de incrementar as concentrações de carboidratos
e proteínas na biomassa das microalgas cultivadas. Logo, as condições de cultivo e a espécies
microalgais utilizadas, apresentaram resultados promissores. Portanto, este estudo contribui
com alternativas de minimização das consequências ambientais causadas pelo uso de insumos
químicos sintéticos na agricultura.
The demand for healthier foods, obtained without chemical fertilizers and pesticides is increasing nowadays. Although the residues of these synthetic agricultural inputs found in foods do not exceed the limits allowed for human consumption, there is no exact knowledgement about the accumulation effects of these substances in the healthy. In this context, microalgae may represent potential alternatives for the improvement of agricultural crops, since they have in their composition many compounds that can act as plant promoters. These compounds, also called phytohormones, and play an important role in mediating growth and stress responses in plants. Among the main phytohormones are the auxin 3-indoleacetic acid (AIA) and the cytokinin trans-zeatin (t-Z). Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate the obtainment of vegetable plant promoters by microalgae. The strains Chlamydomonas reinhardtii CC 1021, Chlorella fusca LEB 111, Chlorella vulgaris LEB 112, Scenedesmus obliquus LEB 117, Synechococcus nidulans LEB 115 and Spirulina sp. LEB 18 were cultivated with the purpose of verifying which microalga can be considered as producing potential of AIA and t-Z. Thus, were performed autotrophic cultivations with photoperiod 12 light/dark and continuous light. Heterotrophic cultivations were also performed with addition of glucose in fed batch. The autotrophic cultivations were performed for 15 days in Erlenmeyers photobioreactors (0.4 L), at 30 °C in a growth chamber, under 70 μmolphotons m-2 s-1 of illuminance and aeration by sterile air injection. The heterotrophic cultivations were carried out for 10 days on Erlenmeyer type photobioreaders with a useful volume of 0.4 L, kept at 30° C in incubator chamber, with orbital agitation of 100 rpm, without the presence of light and in batch mode fed while maintaining concentration of 0.5 g L-1 of glucose in culture media. The microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii CC1021 was cultured in Tris Acetate Phosphate (TAP) medium for 10 days in Erlenmeyer photobioreactors (0.4 L), in incubator chamber with orbital shaking, at 100 rpm at 25 °C and 70 μmolphotons m-2 s-1, at autotrophic and heterotrophic conditions mentioned above. As a result, all microalgae grew and produced AIA and t-Z endogenous in the three conditions evaluated (12 h light/dark, 24 h light and heterotrophic). The concentrations of AIA ranged from 1.94 to 56.45 nmol g-1. While the obtained t-Z concentrations ranged from 0.06 to 35.52 pmol g-1. The microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii CC1021 had the highest concentration of AIA (20237,34 nmol g-1) and t-Z (2593,89 nmol g-1) with the heterotrophic cultivation, highlighting among other microalgae cultivated. In addition, the culture conditions studied were able to increase the carbohydrate and protein content in the microalgal biomass. The culture conditions and microalgal species evaluated showed promising results. Therefore, this study contributes with alternatives to minimize the environmental consequences caused by the use of synthetic chemical inputs in agriculture.
The demand for healthier foods, obtained without chemical fertilizers and pesticides is increasing nowadays. Although the residues of these synthetic agricultural inputs found in foods do not exceed the limits allowed for human consumption, there is no exact knowledgement about the accumulation effects of these substances in the healthy. In this context, microalgae may represent potential alternatives for the improvement of agricultural crops, since they have in their composition many compounds that can act as plant promoters. These compounds, also called phytohormones, and play an important role in mediating growth and stress responses in plants. Among the main phytohormones are the auxin 3-indoleacetic acid (AIA) and the cytokinin trans-zeatin (t-Z). Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate the obtainment of vegetable plant promoters by microalgae. The strains Chlamydomonas reinhardtii CC 1021, Chlorella fusca LEB 111, Chlorella vulgaris LEB 112, Scenedesmus obliquus LEB 117, Synechococcus nidulans LEB 115 and Spirulina sp. LEB 18 were cultivated with the purpose of verifying which microalga can be considered as producing potential of AIA and t-Z. Thus, were performed autotrophic cultivations with photoperiod 12 light/dark and continuous light. Heterotrophic cultivations were also performed with addition of glucose in fed batch. The autotrophic cultivations were performed for 15 days in Erlenmeyers photobioreactors (0.4 L), at 30 °C in a growth chamber, under 70 μmolphotons m-2 s-1 of illuminance and aeration by sterile air injection. The heterotrophic cultivations were carried out for 10 days on Erlenmeyer type photobioreaders with a useful volume of 0.4 L, kept at 30° C in incubator chamber, with orbital agitation of 100 rpm, without the presence of light and in batch mode fed while maintaining concentration of 0.5 g L-1 of glucose in culture media. The microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii CC1021 was cultured in Tris Acetate Phosphate (TAP) medium for 10 days in Erlenmeyer photobioreactors (0.4 L), in incubator chamber with orbital shaking, at 100 rpm at 25 °C and 70 μmolphotons m-2 s-1, at autotrophic and heterotrophic conditions mentioned above. As a result, all microalgae grew and produced AIA and t-Z endogenous in the three conditions evaluated (12 h light/dark, 24 h light and heterotrophic). The concentrations of AIA ranged from 1.94 to 56.45 nmol g-1. While the obtained t-Z concentrations ranged from 0.06 to 35.52 pmol g-1. The microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii CC1021 had the highest concentration of AIA (20237,34 nmol g-1) and t-Z (2593,89 nmol g-1) with the heterotrophic cultivation, highlighting among other microalgae cultivated. In addition, the culture conditions studied were able to increase the carbohydrate and protein content in the microalgal biomass. The culture conditions and microalgal species evaluated showed promising results. Therefore, this study contributes with alternatives to minimize the environmental consequences caused by the use of synthetic chemical inputs in agriculture.
Descrição
Dissertação (Mestrado)
Palavras-chave
Auxinas, Citocininas, Fitohormônios, Fotoperíodo, Microalgas, Auxins, Cytokinins, Phytohormones, Photoperiod, Microalgae
Citação
CRUZ, Camila Gonzales. Obtenção de promotores de crescimento vegetal a partir de microalgas. 2019. 117 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia e Ciência de Alimentos) - Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia e Ciência de Alimentos, Escola de Química e Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, 2019.
