Avaliação dos efeitos da co-exposição de diferentes formas do nanomaterial dióxido de titânio (rutila e anatase) ou microplástico (poliestireno) com arsenito no mexilhão Limnoperna fortunei
Resumo
O metalóide arsênio (As) representa um problema para a saúde dos organismos e para o meio ambiente
devido à sua distribuição, acumulação e toxicidade. Somado a isso, existe a possibilidade do As interagir com
outros compostos presentes no ambiente, como o nanomaterial de dióxido de titânio (nTiO2 em diferentes
formas cristalinas: anatase e rutila) e o microplástico de poliestireno (MP-PS), que podem adsorvê-lo na sua
superfície, facilitar sua incorporação pelos organismos e/ou aumentar sua toxicidade. Assim, avaliou-se o efeito
das co-exposições nTiO2 ou MP-PS+As na acumulação e metabolização do metalóide, e em parâmetros de
estresse oxidativo em brânquias e glândula digestiva do Limnoperna fortunei. No capítulo I , a co-exposição
nTiO2A (anatase)+As aumentou a acumulação de As nas brânquias e diminuiu na glândula digestiva; reduziu a
metabolização de As (aumentando a porcentagem de dimetilarsênio (DMA) e As inorgânico (Asi)) em ambos
tecidos; causou dano lipídico e redução da atividade da catalase (CAT) e glutationa S-transferase (GST) nas
brânquias, e inibiu a GST ômega (Ω), enzima chave no metabolismo de As, na glândula. Enquanto que a co-
exposição nTiO2R (rutila)+As não afetou o acúmulo de As, mas diminuiu a metabolização de As na glândula
digestiva (aumento de DMA), e inibiu a GST Ω em ambos os tecidos. No capítulo II, a co-exposição MP-PS (4
ou 40 μg/L)+As não modificou a acumulação de As; reduziu a metabolização de As (aumentou Asi e reduziu
arsenobetaína (AsB) e arsenocolina (AsC)) nas brânquias; bem como, a co-exposição com 4 μg/L de MP-PS
aumentou a concentração de glutationa reduzida (GSH) e o conteúdo de grupos sulfidrila associados à proteínas
(P-SH) neste tecido. Portanto, conclui-se que ambas co-exposições foram tóxicas aos organismos, pois a
toxicidade de um contaminante amplamente distribuído e estudado como o As pode aumentar ainda mais na
presença de contaminantes emergentes como NM e MP.
The arsenic metalloid (As) represents a problem for the health of organisms and for the environment due to its distribution, accumulation and toxicity. Added to this, there is the possibility of As interacting with other compounds present in the environment,such as titanium dioxide nanomaterial (nTiO2 in different crystalline forms: anatase and rutile) and polystyrene microplastic (PS-MP), which can adsorb it on its surface, facilitate its incorporation by organisms and/or increase its toxicity. Thus, the effect of nTiO2 or PS-MP+As co-exposures on metalloid accumulation and metabolism, and on oxidative stress parameters in gills and digestive glands of Limnoperna fortunei was evaluated. In chapter I, the co-exposure nTiO2A (anatase)+As increased As accumulation in the gills and decreased it in the digestive gland; reduced As metabolization (increasing the percentage of dimethylarsenic (DMA) and inorganic As (Asi)) in both tissues; caused lipid damage and reduced catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity in the gills, and inhibited GST omega (Ω), a key enzyme in As metabolism, in the gland. While the co-exposure nTiO2R (rutile)+As did not affect As accumulation, but decreased As metabolization in the digestive gland (DMA increase), and inhibited GST Ω in both tissues. In Chapter II , PS-MP co-exposure (4 or 40 μg/L)+As did not modify As accumulation; reduced As metabolization (increased Asi and reduced arsenobetaine - AsB and arsenocholine - AsC) in the gills; as well, co-exposure with 4 μg/L of PS-MP increased the concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH) and the content of protein-associated sulfhydryl groups (P-SH) in this tissue. Therefore, it is concluded that both co- exposures were toxic to organisms, demonstrating that the toxicity of a widely distributed and studied contaminant such as As can increase even more in the presence of emerging contaminants such as NM and MP.
The arsenic metalloid (As) represents a problem for the health of organisms and for the environment due to its distribution, accumulation and toxicity. Added to this, there is the possibility of As interacting with other compounds present in the environment,such as titanium dioxide nanomaterial (nTiO2 in different crystalline forms: anatase and rutile) and polystyrene microplastic (PS-MP), which can adsorb it on its surface, facilitate its incorporation by organisms and/or increase its toxicity. Thus, the effect of nTiO2 or PS-MP+As co-exposures on metalloid accumulation and metabolism, and on oxidative stress parameters in gills and digestive glands of Limnoperna fortunei was evaluated. In chapter I, the co-exposure nTiO2A (anatase)+As increased As accumulation in the gills and decreased it in the digestive gland; reduced As metabolization (increasing the percentage of dimethylarsenic (DMA) and inorganic As (Asi)) in both tissues; caused lipid damage and reduced catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity in the gills, and inhibited GST omega (Ω), a key enzyme in As metabolism, in the gland. While the co-exposure nTiO2R (rutile)+As did not affect As accumulation, but decreased As metabolization in the digestive gland (DMA increase), and inhibited GST Ω in both tissues. In Chapter II , PS-MP co-exposure (4 or 40 μg/L)+As did not modify As accumulation; reduced As metabolization (increased Asi and reduced arsenobetaine - AsB and arsenocholine - AsC) in the gills; as well, co-exposure with 4 μg/L of PS-MP increased the concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH) and the content of protein-associated sulfhydryl groups (P-SH) in this tissue. Therefore, it is concluded that both co- exposures were toxic to organisms, demonstrating that the toxicity of a widely distributed and studied contaminant such as As can increase even more in the presence of emerging contaminants such as NM and MP.
Descrição
Tese ( doutorado)
Palavras-chave
Metalóide, Nanopartícula, Microplástico, Estresse oxidativo, Respostas antioxidantes, Metalloid, Nanoparticle, Microplastic, Oxidative stress, Antioxidant responses
Citação
NUNES, Silvana Manske. Avaliação dos efeitos da co-exposição de diferentes formas do nanomaterial dióxido de titânio (rutila e anatase) ou microplástico (poliestireno) com arsenito no mexilhão Limnoperna fortunei. 2022. 77 f. Tese (doutorado) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, 2022.
