Sinterização de mistura de pós de Fe-Cr para formação de aço inox martensítico
Resumo
A produção de aços inoxidáveis através do processo de metalurgia do pó usualmente é realizada utilizando pós pré-ligados de custo relativamente alto. A possibilidade de produzir esses matérias utilizando pós elementares, além de flexibilizar a composição dessas ligas, reduz significantemente seu custo, tornando-o um processo muito atrativo. Entretanto, a difusão do cromo no aço é dificultada pela camada de óxido que se forma em sua superfície durante o processo, tornando assim um grande desafio a formação de um aço inox através da metalurgia do pó, utilizando pós elementares. Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal formar uma liga de aço inoxidável martensítico com composição similar ao do aço AISI 410. Para isso foi utilizado pós elementares na composição Fe13,5%Cr para a produção de 9 amostras, todas com a mesma composição e sinterizadas em caixa utilizando 3 parâmetros de tempo e temperatura diferentes, 1100 °C, 1150 °C e 1200 °C, 60 minutos, 180 minutos e 360 minutos. Sabe-se que o processo de compactação exerce grande influência na qualidade do produto sinterizado, assim foi estudado a utilização de dois aglutinantes naturais a base de água na compactação dos pós, em um deles foi adicionado tensoativos para reduzir a tensão superficial. A pressão de compactação de 800MPa foi igual para todas as amostras. Ainda, após a sinterização as amostras foram temperadas a 950 °C sendo resfriadas em mistura de polímero PVP 10% e posteriormente revenidas a 180 °C. A análise das amostras revelou que não houve total difusão do cromo, ainda assim as amostras compactadas utilizando aglutinante tensoativo obteve resultados satisfatórios. O ensaio de DRX apresentou os resultados que se espera para uma liga AISI 410 e o ensaio de microdureza comprovou um pequeno aumento na mesma após o tratamento térmico de têmpera.
The production of stainless steels using the powder metallurgy process is usually performed using relatively high cost pre-wired powders. The possibility of producing these materials using elementary powders, besides flexibilizing the composition of these alloys, reduces significantly their cost, making it a very attractive process. However, the diffusion of chromium in the steel is difficulty by the oxide layer that forms on its surface during the process, thus making a great challenge the formation of a stainless steel through powder metallurgy, using elementary powders. This work has as main objective to form a martensitic stainless steel alloy with composition similar to that of AISI 410 steel. For this, elemental powders in the Fe13.5% Cr composition were used for the production of 9 samples, all with the same composition and sintered in box using 3 different time and temperature parameters, 1100 ºC, 1150 °C and 1200 °C, 60 minutes, 180 minutes and 360 minutes. It is known that the compacting process exerts a great influence on the quality of the sintered product, so it was studied the use of two natural binders based on water in the compacting of powders, in one of them was added surfactants to reduce the surface tension. The compaction pressure of 800MPa was the same for all samples. Further, after sintering the samples were tempered at 950 °C and were cooled in 10% PVP polymer mixture and then tempered at 180 °C. The analysis of the samples revealed that there was no total diffusion of the chromium, although the compacted samples using surfactant binder obtained satisfactory results. The XRD test showed the expected results for an AISI 410 alloy and the microhardness test showed a small increase in it after the quench heat treatment.
The production of stainless steels using the powder metallurgy process is usually performed using relatively high cost pre-wired powders. The possibility of producing these materials using elementary powders, besides flexibilizing the composition of these alloys, reduces significantly their cost, making it a very attractive process. However, the diffusion of chromium in the steel is difficulty by the oxide layer that forms on its surface during the process, thus making a great challenge the formation of a stainless steel through powder metallurgy, using elementary powders. This work has as main objective to form a martensitic stainless steel alloy with composition similar to that of AISI 410 steel. For this, elemental powders in the Fe13.5% Cr composition were used for the production of 9 samples, all with the same composition and sintered in box using 3 different time and temperature parameters, 1100 ºC, 1150 °C and 1200 °C, 60 minutes, 180 minutes and 360 minutes. It is known that the compacting process exerts a great influence on the quality of the sintered product, so it was studied the use of two natural binders based on water in the compacting of powders, in one of them was added surfactants to reduce the surface tension. The compaction pressure of 800MPa was the same for all samples. Further, after sintering the samples were tempered at 950 °C and were cooled in 10% PVP polymer mixture and then tempered at 180 °C. The analysis of the samples revealed that there was no total diffusion of the chromium, although the compacted samples using surfactant binder obtained satisfactory results. The XRD test showed the expected results for an AISI 410 alloy and the microhardness test showed a small increase in it after the quench heat treatment.
Descrição
Dissertação (mestrado)
Palavras-chave
Sinterização, Mistura de pós metálicos dissociados, Aço inox martensítico, Difusão, Sintering, Mixing of dissociated metallic powders, Martensitic stainless steel, Diffusion
Citação
COELHO, Fransuan da Silva. Sinterização de mistura de pós de Fe-Cr para formação de aço inox martensítico. 2019. 79f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Mecânica, Escola de Engenharia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, 2019.
