A cidade do Rio Grande e a construção dos Molhes da Barra: conflitos socioambientais no início do século XX
Resumo
Nesta dissertação, estudamos os conflitos socioambientais na cidade do Rio Grande durante a construção dos Molhes da Barra, no período de 1907 a 1915, com o objetivo de produzir um estudo histórico que parte de uma perspectiva diferente daquela trabalhada na historiografia consolidada sobre a cidade no período de estudo. A maior parte das obras dessa historiografia não trazem à tona, exceto de forma pontual, os problemas e as lutas dos trabalhadores e trabalhadoras da cidade por direitos enquanto transformadores da natureza pelo trabalho. Nessas obras aborda-se a história da cidade, do porto, da Barra e dos Molhes, mas não encontra-se de forma significativa conflitos socioambientais e reivindicações por parte dos trabalhadores e trabalhadoras no período em questão. A historiografia mencionada dá destaque aos avanços econômicos e ao progresso da classe dominante da cidade e do estado propiciado pela desobstrução da Barra (ou seja, com a transformação da natureza), com ênfase aos comerciantes, industriais e políticos do período. Nesta dissertação se pretendeu trazer uma história dos “de baixo”; isto é, de uma perspectiva que parte dos conflitos socioambientais desses agentes transformadores da natureza que, através de suas mobilizações (como as greves), enfrentaram os problemas e as injustiças que vivenciavam e, assim, também fizeram parte da história do município. Para tanto, foi realizado um mapeamento de conflitos — metodologia utilizada pelo grupo de pesquisa Observatório dos Conflitos do Extremo Sul do Brasil e Leste do Uruguai — a partir do qual foram encontrados 36 conflitos socioambientais ocorridos na cidade durante o período de construção dos Molhes (1907-1915), localizados em produções historiográficas diferentes daquela consolidada: em uma dissertação de mestrado na área de sociologia, e no arquivo pessoal da historiadora pelotense Beatriz Ana Loner (que possui materiais historiográficos). Ademais, foi utilizada a análise de discurso (influenciada por Pêcheux e trazida ao Brasil por Eni Orlandi) para analisar as produções históricas consolidadas e problematizar a visão trazida por elas sobre alguns termos utilizados e sobre questões não tratadas por essa perspectiva. O movimento proposto nesta dissertação, dessa forma, contribui com uma história ambiental que parte da perspectiva dos “de baixo” no município, sendo a natureza e a questão ambiental tratadas de forma indispensável neste estudo. Este trabalho se articula a uma educação para a justiça ambiental, uma vez que os agentes envolvidos nos conflitos, organizados e mobilizados, fizeram parte de um processo educativo forjado em sua luta frente aos problemas e injustiças do capitalismo na época, como um modo de produção que explora os trabalhadores e trabalhadoras e a natureza (ou ambiente natural) em nome da acumulação e do lucro.
In this master’s dissertation, we study the socio-environmental conflicts in the city of Rio Grande during the construction of the Molhes da Barra, in the period from 1907 to 1915, with the aim of producing a historical study that starts from a different perspective from the consolidated historiography about the city during the period. Most of these historiography works do not bring to light, except in a subtle way, the problems and struggles of city workers for rights as people who transform the nature through work. In these Works, is talked about the history of the city, the harbor and the Molhes da Barra, but we did not find significant information about socio- environmental conflicts abd tge workers’ demands of the period in the face of their problems and conflicts with the capitalists of that time. The cited historiography highlights only the economic advances and the progress of the city's and state’s dominant class, provided by the unblocking of Barra (that is, with the transformation of nature), which emphasizes the merchants, industrialists and politicians of the period. In this dissertation, the intention was to bring a story starting from those “from the bottom”; that is, from a perspective that starts from the socio-environmental conflicts of these agents transforming nature who, through their mobilizations (such as strikes), faced the problems and injustices they experienced and, thus, were also part of the city's history. To achieve the objective, we used a “conflict mapping” — a methodology used by the research group Observatório dos Conflitos do Extremo Sul do Brasil e Leste do Uruguay — what made it possible to find 36 socio-environmental conflicts during the period of construction of the Molhes (1907-1915): in a master's thesis about sociology, and in the personal archive of the historian Beatriz Ana Loner from Pelotas (which has historiographical materials). Furthermore, Discourse Analysis (influenced by Pêcheux and brought to Brazil by Eni Orlandi) was used to analyze consolidated history, in order to problematize the vision brought by them on some terms used and on issues not addressed by this perspective. The movement proposed in this dissertation contributes to an environmental history from the perspective of those “from the bottom”, with nature and environmental issues being treated imperatively in this historical study. This work is linked to education for environmental justice, since the organized and mobilized agents involved in the conflicts were part of an educational process forged in their struggle against the problems and injustices of capitalism at that time, as a manner of production that exploits workers and our nature (or natural environment) in the name of accumulation and profit.
In this master’s dissertation, we study the socio-environmental conflicts in the city of Rio Grande during the construction of the Molhes da Barra, in the period from 1907 to 1915, with the aim of producing a historical study that starts from a different perspective from the consolidated historiography about the city during the period. Most of these historiography works do not bring to light, except in a subtle way, the problems and struggles of city workers for rights as people who transform the nature through work. In these Works, is talked about the history of the city, the harbor and the Molhes da Barra, but we did not find significant information about socio- environmental conflicts abd tge workers’ demands of the period in the face of their problems and conflicts with the capitalists of that time. The cited historiography highlights only the economic advances and the progress of the city's and state’s dominant class, provided by the unblocking of Barra (that is, with the transformation of nature), which emphasizes the merchants, industrialists and politicians of the period. In this dissertation, the intention was to bring a story starting from those “from the bottom”; that is, from a perspective that starts from the socio-environmental conflicts of these agents transforming nature who, through their mobilizations (such as strikes), faced the problems and injustices they experienced and, thus, were also part of the city's history. To achieve the objective, we used a “conflict mapping” — a methodology used by the research group Observatório dos Conflitos do Extremo Sul do Brasil e Leste do Uruguay — what made it possible to find 36 socio-environmental conflicts during the period of construction of the Molhes (1907-1915): in a master's thesis about sociology, and in the personal archive of the historian Beatriz Ana Loner from Pelotas (which has historiographical materials). Furthermore, Discourse Analysis (influenced by Pêcheux and brought to Brazil by Eni Orlandi) was used to analyze consolidated history, in order to problematize the vision brought by them on some terms used and on issues not addressed by this perspective. The movement proposed in this dissertation contributes to an environmental history from the perspective of those “from the bottom”, with nature and environmental issues being treated imperatively in this historical study. This work is linked to education for environmental justice, since the organized and mobilized agents involved in the conflicts were part of an educational process forged in their struggle against the problems and injustices of capitalism at that time, as a manner of production that exploits workers and our nature (or natural environment) in the name of accumulation and profit.
Descrição
Dissertação (mestrado)
Palavras-chave
Conflitos socioambientais, Cidade do Rio Grande, Molhes da Barra, História a partir dos “de baixo”, História ambiental, Educação para a justiça ambiental, Socio-environmental conflicts, Rio Grande city, History from the "bottom", Environmental history, Education for environmental justice
Citação
SERAFIM, Guilherme dos Santos. A cidade do Rio Grande e a construção dos Molhes da Barra: conflitos socioambientais no início do século XX. 2024. 143f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Ambiental, Instituto de Educação, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, 2024.
