Aplicação de filmes ativos a base de concentrado proteico e compostos fenólicos da pele de amendoim em queijo colonial
Resumo
As embalagens desempenham um papel essencial na preservação e distribuição segura dos alimentos, evitando danos à sua integridade. O principal material utilizado como embalagem é o plástico, porém com o aumento do consumo de alimentos e sua aplicação versátil, a contribuição para a geração de resíduos sólidos cresce espantosamente. Os filmes biodegradáveis são uma alternativa de material sintético e podem ser obtidos a partir de polímeros biodegradáveis, como concentrado proteico de soro de leite, um subproduto da indústria de queijos. Este polímero, acrescido de compostos bioativos, como a pele de amendoim - um resíduo agroindustrial - pode apresentar atividade antioxidante e antimicrobiana, capaz de contribuir para a conservação de alimentos. O queijo colonial é um produto com alto teor de gordura e suscetível a contaminação microbiana. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo extrair e aplicar compostos bioativos provenientes da pele de amendoim em filmes biodegradáveis de concentrado proteico de soro de leite e aplicar em queijos coloniais. Inicialmente, foi realizada a extração em etanol 70% e a quantificação dos compostos bioativos, determinando sua capacidade antioxidante e antimicrobiana. Esses compostos foram incorporados aos filmes biodegradáveis, nas concentrações de 5 (TFE5) e 10% (TFE10) (v/v), e caracterizados quanto às propriedades mecânicas e de barreira, como espessura, resistência à tração, permeabilidade ao vapor de água e solubilidade. Os filmes ativos foram aplicados em queijo colonial, mantidos sob refrigeração durante 15 dias. A sua vida útil foi avaliada quanto às propriedades físico-químicas (cor, umidade, pH e oxidação lipídica) e microbiológicas (mesófilos aeróbios totais, psicrotróficos, enterobactérias e bolores e leveduras). Para os compostos fenólicos extraídos, obteve-se a concentração de 8,44 mg/g, apresentando atividade antioxidante de 97,38%, para ABTS, e 43,54% para DPPH, com halo de inibição de S. aureus e Escherichia coli O157: H7 de 7,15 e 5,35, respectivamente. Os filmes ativos (TFE5 e TFE10) mostraram formação homogênea, com resistência a tração (2,85 e 2,83 MPa), baixa solubilidade (38,3 e 37,52%) e levemente elásticos (10,18 e 12,28%), além de possuírem atividade antioxidante para ABTS (46,5 e 55,6%) e inibição de E. coli (2,27 e 2,45 cm). Em relação a aplicação em queijo colonial, foi verificado que os filmes ativos influenciaram no pH e na umidade das amostras, fazendo com que o pH aumentasse conforme o tempo, e agiram na retenção de água, preservando parâmetros sensoriais. Esses filmes, são capazes de inibir reações de oxidação, contribuindo para a preservação do queijo colonial. Também inibem o crescimento de microrganismos psicrotróficos, enterobactérias e de bolores e leveduras, porém não possuem ação sobre os mesófilos. Assim, pode-se concluir que os filmes ativos são uma alternativa a ser considerada quanto a manutenção da qualidade deste tipo de alimento.
Packaging plays an essential role in preserving and safely distributing food, preventing damage to its integrity. The primary material used for packaging is plastic, which is highly versatile. However, with the increasing global consumption of food, there is a rise in solid waste generation, leading to plastic accumulation, which becomes harmful to the environment. Biodegradable films are an alternative to synthetic materials and can be obtained from biodegradable polymers such as whey protein concentrate, a byproduct of the cheese industry. This polymer can be enriched with bioactive compounds, such as those extracted from agro- industrial residues like peanut skin, which may exhibit antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, contributing to food preservation. Colonial cheese is a high-fat product susceptible to microbial contamination. Therefore, this study aimed to extract and apply bioactive compounds from peanut skin in biodegradable whey protein concentrate films and apply them to colonial cheeses. Initially, the extraction was carried out using 70% ethanol, and the compounds were quantified and analyzed for their antioxidant and antimicrobial capacity. These compounds were incorporated into biodegradable films at concentrations of 5% (TFE5) and 10% (TFE10) (v/v) and characterized in terms of mechanical and barrier properties, such as thickness, tensile strength, water vapor permeability, and solubility. The active films were applied to colonial cheese and stored under refrigeration for 15 days. Their shelf life was evaluated based on physicochemical properties (color, moisture, pH, and lipid oxidation) and microbiological properties (total aerobic mesophiles, psychrotrophic bacteria, enterobacteria, molds, and yeasts). The results of the extracted phenolic compounds showed a concentration of 8.44 mg/g, with an antioxidant activity of 97.38% for ABTS and 43.54% for DPPH, and inhibition halos of S. aureus and Escherichia coli O157: H7 of 7.15 cm and 5.35 cm, respectively. The active films (TFE5 and TFE10) demonstrated homogeneous formation, with tensile strength values of 2.85 MPa and 2.83 MPa, low solubility (38.3% and 37.52%), and slight elasticity (10.18% and 12.28%). Additionally, they exhibited antioxidant activity for ABTS (46.5% and 55.6%) and inhibition of E. coli (2.27 cm and 2.45 cm). Regarding their application in colonial cheese, the active films contributed to pH stability, inhibited oxidation reactions, and helped maintain the product’s moisture content. Furthermore, they were effective in inhibiting the growth of psychrotrophic microorganisms, enterobacteria, and molds and yeasts; however, they showed no action against mesophilic bacteria. These findings suggest that active films are a viable option for maintaining the quality of this type of food.
Packaging plays an essential role in preserving and safely distributing food, preventing damage to its integrity. The primary material used for packaging is plastic, which is highly versatile. However, with the increasing global consumption of food, there is a rise in solid waste generation, leading to plastic accumulation, which becomes harmful to the environment. Biodegradable films are an alternative to synthetic materials and can be obtained from biodegradable polymers such as whey protein concentrate, a byproduct of the cheese industry. This polymer can be enriched with bioactive compounds, such as those extracted from agro- industrial residues like peanut skin, which may exhibit antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, contributing to food preservation. Colonial cheese is a high-fat product susceptible to microbial contamination. Therefore, this study aimed to extract and apply bioactive compounds from peanut skin in biodegradable whey protein concentrate films and apply them to colonial cheeses. Initially, the extraction was carried out using 70% ethanol, and the compounds were quantified and analyzed for their antioxidant and antimicrobial capacity. These compounds were incorporated into biodegradable films at concentrations of 5% (TFE5) and 10% (TFE10) (v/v) and characterized in terms of mechanical and barrier properties, such as thickness, tensile strength, water vapor permeability, and solubility. The active films were applied to colonial cheese and stored under refrigeration for 15 days. Their shelf life was evaluated based on physicochemical properties (color, moisture, pH, and lipid oxidation) and microbiological properties (total aerobic mesophiles, psychrotrophic bacteria, enterobacteria, molds, and yeasts). The results of the extracted phenolic compounds showed a concentration of 8.44 mg/g, with an antioxidant activity of 97.38% for ABTS and 43.54% for DPPH, and inhibition halos of S. aureus and Escherichia coli O157: H7 of 7.15 cm and 5.35 cm, respectively. The active films (TFE5 and TFE10) demonstrated homogeneous formation, with tensile strength values of 2.85 MPa and 2.83 MPa, low solubility (38.3% and 37.52%), and slight elasticity (10.18% and 12.28%). Additionally, they exhibited antioxidant activity for ABTS (46.5% and 55.6%) and inhibition of E. coli (2.27 cm and 2.45 cm). Regarding their application in colonial cheese, the active films contributed to pH stability, inhibited oxidation reactions, and helped maintain the product’s moisture content. Furthermore, they were effective in inhibiting the growth of psychrotrophic microorganisms, enterobacteria, and molds and yeasts; however, they showed no action against mesophilic bacteria. These findings suggest that active films are a viable option for maintaining the quality of this type of food.
Descrição
Monografia (Graduação)
Palavras-chave
Embalagens biodegradáveis ativas, Proteína de soro de leite, Compostos fenólicos, Active biodegradable packaging, Whey protein, Phenolic compounds, Peanut skin
Citação
GOMES, Bruno Rieger Morem. Aplicação de filmes ativos a base de concentrado proteico e compostos fenólicos da pele de amendoim em queijo colonial. 2025. 61f. Monografia (Graduação) - Curso de Bacharel em Engenharia Agroindustrial Indústrias Alimentícias, Escola de Química e Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Santo Antônio da Patrulha, 2025.
