Uma metodologia multicritério para a localização de terminais de transporte: o caso da hidrovia Brasil-Uruguai
Resumo
A reativação da navegação na Lagoa Mirim e nos rios Jacuí, Taquari (Brasil) e Cebollati,
(Uruguai) prevista no projeto da Hidrovia Uruguai/ Brasil, tem gerado expectativas quanto à
pela implementação de um importante eixo de transporte hidroviário, ligando o interior do
Uruguai ao Brasil através do território gaúcho. Tal medida beneficiará mais diretamente os
municípios ribeirinhos, que deverão receber investimentos para construção e melhorias de
terminais hidroviários, passando a ter possibilidade de escoar seus produtos a custos mais
baixos em relação ao transporte rodoviário. A escolha dos municípios beneficiados depende
da decisão sobre a localização de instalações, um elemento crítico no planejamento
estratégico, tanto para o setor público quanto para o setor privado, servindo como base para
inúmeras decisões no campo da Logística. Assim, com vistas a identificar as localidades mais
aptas a receberem terminais de transporte de cargas ao longo da hidrovia, utilizou-se a técnica
SMARTER (Simple Multi-attribute Rating Technique Exploiting Ranks), uma metodologia
Multicritério de Apoio à Decisão, cuja principal vantagem é a não necessidade de atribuição
de pesos ou constantes de escala para os critérios considerados, bastando que os atributos
sejam ordenados, classificando-os do mais importante para o menos importante.
Posteriormente calculados os pesos, são obtidas as chamadas utilidades multiatributo. Na
aplicação realizada neste estudo, foram considerados 25 municípios, cogitados como uma
alternativa potencial para a instalação de um terminal de transporte. Assim, foi calculada a
utilidade multiatributo para cada alternativa (município), evidenciando os locais mais
apropriados para a instalação de terminais de transporte. Após, foram consideradas as treze
localidades mais aptas (as de maior utilidade) para receberem os terminais e foi aplicado o
módulo PMED, do programa Logware com o objetivo de identificar a área de influência de
cada terminal, no que diz respeito à captação de cargas. Para alcançar a eficiência esperada
desse método complementar, foi necessário dividir o Rio grande do Sul em duas regiões.
The reactivation of navigation in the Mirim Lagoon and in the Rivers Jacuí, Taquari (Brazil) and Cebollati (Uruguay) that is predicted in the Waterway Brazil/Uruguay project has generated some expectations concerning the implementation of an important waterway transport route, linking the inner part of Uruguay to Brazil through the Gaúcho territory.This reactivation will benefit more directly the cities by the riverbanks, which will receive investments on construction and improvement of waterway terminals. Such measures will allow these cities to lower their costs of transportation using the waterway as an alternative to the road transportation. The choice of the cities that will benefit from waterways depends on the decision about the location of these facilities, a critical element in strategic planning for both public and private sectors, and it will serve as basis for many decisions in the field of Logistics.Thus, with the aim of identifying the locations best able to receive cargo transport terminals along the waterway, it was used the SMARTER technique (Simple Multi-attribute Rating Technique Exploiting Ranks) which is a kind of Multicriteria Decision Support methodology. There is no need to give weights or scaling constants for the criteria taken into account in the analysis, but it is necessary that the attributes are ordered, ranking them from most important to least important.After that, once the weights are calculated, the multiattribute utility is obtained. In the application made in this study, 25 cities municipalities were studied. They were considered as potential alternatives for the installation of transport terminals. Therefore, it was calculated the multiattribute utility for each alternative (municipality), showing the most appropriate locations for the installation of transport terminals. Then, thirteen locations were considered the most appropriate (with best utility) to receive the terminals and PMED module, the program LogWare, was used with the objective of identifying the area of influence of each terminal concerning the amount of cargo to be transported. In order to achieve the expected efficiency from this method, it was necessary to divide Rio Grande do Sul into two regions.
The reactivation of navigation in the Mirim Lagoon and in the Rivers Jacuí, Taquari (Brazil) and Cebollati (Uruguay) that is predicted in the Waterway Brazil/Uruguay project has generated some expectations concerning the implementation of an important waterway transport route, linking the inner part of Uruguay to Brazil through the Gaúcho territory.This reactivation will benefit more directly the cities by the riverbanks, which will receive investments on construction and improvement of waterway terminals. Such measures will allow these cities to lower their costs of transportation using the waterway as an alternative to the road transportation. The choice of the cities that will benefit from waterways depends on the decision about the location of these facilities, a critical element in strategic planning for both public and private sectors, and it will serve as basis for many decisions in the field of Logistics.Thus, with the aim of identifying the locations best able to receive cargo transport terminals along the waterway, it was used the SMARTER technique (Simple Multi-attribute Rating Technique Exploiting Ranks) which is a kind of Multicriteria Decision Support methodology. There is no need to give weights or scaling constants for the criteria taken into account in the analysis, but it is necessary that the attributes are ordered, ranking them from most important to least important.After that, once the weights are calculated, the multiattribute utility is obtained. In the application made in this study, 25 cities municipalities were studied. They were considered as potential alternatives for the installation of transport terminals. Therefore, it was calculated the multiattribute utility for each alternative (municipality), showing the most appropriate locations for the installation of transport terminals. Then, thirteen locations were considered the most appropriate (with best utility) to receive the terminals and PMED module, the program LogWare, was used with the objective of identifying the area of influence of each terminal concerning the amount of cargo to be transported. In order to achieve the expected efficiency from this method, it was necessary to divide Rio Grande do Sul into two regions.
Descrição
Dissertação (mestrado)
Palavras-chave
Hidrovia Brasil-Uruguai, Métodos Multicritérios, Smarter, Logware, Waterway Uruguay/Brazil, Multiattribute Methods
Citação
BASTOS, Vagner Euzébio. Uma metodologia multicritério para a localização de terminais de transporte: o caso da hidrovia Brasil-Uruguai. 2012. 104f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Oceânica, Escola de Engenharia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, 2012.
