Otimização geométrica de um canal com aletas retangulares submetido à convecção forçada aplicando o método design construtal
Resumo
O presente trabalho é um estudo sobre o escoamento em canais aletados. O problema
proposto foi simulado numericamente e o método Design Construtal associado à busca exaustiva foi
aplicado para uma avaliação geométrica do canal. O problema consiste em um canal bidimensional,
contendo duas aletas retangulares aquecidas, uma na parede superior e outra na inferior. Um
escoamento incompressível atravessa o canal em regime laminar, permanente, com uma
temperatura menor do que a temperatura das aletas, causando a convecção forçada. Dois graus de
liberdade foram considerados: a razão entre a altura e a largura das duas aletas (H1/L1; H2/L2). Além
destes dois graus de liberdade também foram variadas as razões entre as áreas das aletas e as suas
áreas de ocupação. A avaliação geométrica teve dois objetivos: maximizar a troca térmica entre as
aletas e o escoamento circundante e minimizar a diferença de pressão entre a entrada e a saída do
canal, ou seja, um objetivo térmico e um fluidodinâmico, respectivamente. Foi concluído que a
maior razão da área das aletas sobre sua área de ocupação entre as estudadas neste trabalho, φ1 = φ2
= 0,2, é que melhor atende ao multiobjetivo proposto, sendo superior em 8,58% ao caso ótimo
obtido para a menor fração de área estudada, φ1 = φ2 = 0,05. Também foi demonstrado que razões
intermediárias entre a altura e largura das aletas são as que melhor atendem ao problema multi-
ojetivo. Foi verificado que uma variação das razões entre altura e largura das aletas causa um efeito
significativamente maior na diferença de pressão do canal do que sobre a troca térmica. A análise
térmica do problema indicou que as geometrias que tem melhor desempenho térmico são as
geometrias em que as aletas possuem maior inserção no canal (maior altura e maior área) enquanto
que a análise fluidodinâmica demonstrou que os melhores desempenhos deste ponto de vista são
obtidos quando as aletas possuem as menores alturas e áreas dentre as estudadas.
The present work is a study on the flow in finned channels. The proposed problem was numerically simulated and the Constructal Design method associated with the exhaustive search was applied for the geometric evaluation of the channel. The problem consists of a two-dimensional channel containing two heated rectangular fins, one on the top wall and one on the bottom. An incompressible flow crosses the channel in the laminar regime, steady state, with a temperature lower than the two fin’s temperature, causing forced convection. Two degrees of freedom were considered: the ratio between height and width of the two fins (H1/L1; H2/L2). Besides these two degrees of freedom were also varied the ratio between the fin’s areas and their occupation areas. The geometric evaluation had two objectives: to maximize the thermal exchange between the fins and the surrounding flow and to minimize the pressure difference between entrance and exit of the channel, a thermal objective and a fluid dynamics objective, respectively. It was concluded that the highest ratio between the fin’s areas and their occupation areas among those studied, φ1 = φ2 = 0.2, is the better for the proposed multi-objective, being this higher in 8.58% than the optimal case reached for the lowest fraction area of the fins, φ1 = φ2 = 0.05. It has also been shown that the intermediates values of the ratio between the height and the width of the fins has the best serve for this multi-objective. It has been found that a variation of the ratios between height and width of the fins causes a much greater effect on the channel pressure difference than on a thermal exchange. The analysis of the problem indicated that geometries that leads to the best thermal performance are the ones where the fins have the highest intrusion within the channel (highest height and area), whereas the fluid dynamics analysis showed that the best performances from this point of view occur when the fins have the lowest values of the heights and areas between those studied.
The present work is a study on the flow in finned channels. The proposed problem was numerically simulated and the Constructal Design method associated with the exhaustive search was applied for the geometric evaluation of the channel. The problem consists of a two-dimensional channel containing two heated rectangular fins, one on the top wall and one on the bottom. An incompressible flow crosses the channel in the laminar regime, steady state, with a temperature lower than the two fin’s temperature, causing forced convection. Two degrees of freedom were considered: the ratio between height and width of the two fins (H1/L1; H2/L2). Besides these two degrees of freedom were also varied the ratio between the fin’s areas and their occupation areas. The geometric evaluation had two objectives: to maximize the thermal exchange between the fins and the surrounding flow and to minimize the pressure difference between entrance and exit of the channel, a thermal objective and a fluid dynamics objective, respectively. It was concluded that the highest ratio between the fin’s areas and their occupation areas among those studied, φ1 = φ2 = 0.2, is the better for the proposed multi-objective, being this higher in 8.58% than the optimal case reached for the lowest fraction area of the fins, φ1 = φ2 = 0.05. It has also been shown that the intermediates values of the ratio between the height and the width of the fins has the best serve for this multi-objective. It has been found that a variation of the ratios between height and width of the fins causes a much greater effect on the channel pressure difference than on a thermal exchange. The analysis of the problem indicated that geometries that leads to the best thermal performance are the ones where the fins have the highest intrusion within the channel (highest height and area), whereas the fluid dynamics analysis showed that the best performances from this point of view occur when the fins have the lowest values of the heights and areas between those studied.
Descrição
Dissertação (mestrado)
Palavras-chave
Canal com Aletas, Convecção Forçada, Avaliação Geométrica, Simulação Numérica, Design Construtal, Finned Channel, Forced Convection, Geometric Optimization, Numerical Simulation, Constructal Design
Citação
FEIJÓ, Bruno Costa. Otimização geométrica de um canal com aletas retangulares submetido à convecção forçada aplicando o método design construtal. 2017. 105f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Oceânica, Escola de Engenharia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, 2017.
