Estudo comparativo da solubilização de aços inoxidáveis 17 4 PH produzidos pelos processos de laminação, microfusão e metal injection molds resfriados em polímeros
Resumo
O aço 17 4 PH representa uma evolução importante dos aços inoxidáveis, com sua aplicação original à área aeroespacial e automotiva. Os processos de fabricação, siderúrgico, microfusão e Metal Injection Moulding (MIM) representam o maior volume de aplicação deste aço. Neste trabalho foram estudados o comportamento do aço 17 4 PH laminado, microfundido e injetado, após a solubilização em meio de resfriamento base de água-polímero e posterior resfriamento criogênico. Na caracterização inicial verificou-se microestrutura mais homogênea nas amostras laminadas. Já as microestruturas das amostras injetadas apresentaram-se homogêneas, porém com a presença de pequeno volume de porosidades, e as amostras microfundidas apresentaram elevado nível de segregação microestrutural. Após a aplicação do processo de solubilização verificou-se que todas as amostras dos diferentes processos de fabricação apresentaram dissolução dos intermetálicos, porém não apresentando modificações, quanto à presença de segregação, das amostras microfundidas. Em relação a microdureza Vickers, as amostras obtidas pelo processo MIM apresentaram valores mais elevados e com menor desvio padrão. As amostras laminadas apresentaram valores inferiores às obtidas pelo processo MIM e os menores valores foram encontrados nas amostras microfundidas. Os picos de DRX das amostras, após solubilização, mantiveram-se similares, porém com maior intensidade devido à sobreposição dos picos cúbico de corpo centrado e tetragonal de corpo centrado. A partir dos resultados conclui-se que a solubilização em polímeros e aplicação de criogenia foram diretamente influenciados pela condição preliminar dos processos de fabricação. Os mecanismos para melhora dos aspectos de segregação estão associados à conformação mecânica e tratamento térmico, sendo inviáveis nos processos microfundido e MIM, pela presença de anisotropias como porosidade e baixo alongamento.
The steel 17 4 PH represents an important evolution of stainless steels, with its original application to the aerospace and automotive area. The manufacturing processes, steelmaking, microfusion and Metals Injection Molds (MIM) represent the highest volume of application of this steel. In this work we studied the behavior of rolled, micro melted and injected 17 4 PH steel, after solubilization in water-polymer-based cooling media and subsequent cryogenic cooling. In the initial characterization, a more homogeneous microstructure was found in the rolled samples. The microstructures of the injected samples were homogeneous, but with the presence of small porosity volume and the micro melted samples showed a high level of microstructural segregation. After the application of the solubilization process, all the samples of the different manufacturing processes showed dissolution of the intermetallics, but no changes were observed in the presence of segregation of the micro melted samples. Regarding Vickers microhardness, the samples obtained by the MIM process presented higher values and with lower standard deviation. Laminated samples presented lower values than those obtained by the MIM process and the lowest results were found in the micro melted samples. The DRX peaks of the samples, after solubilization, remained similar but with greater intensity due to the overlapping of the peaks, cubic of centered body and tetragonal of centered body. From the results it can be concluded that the solubilization in polymers and application of cryogenics were directly influenced by the preliminary condition of the manufacturing processes. The mechanisms to improve the segregation aspects are associated with mechanical conformation and heat treatment, being unfeasible in the micro melting and MIM processes, due to the presence of anisotropies as porosity and low elongation.
The steel 17 4 PH represents an important evolution of stainless steels, with its original application to the aerospace and automotive area. The manufacturing processes, steelmaking, microfusion and Metals Injection Molds (MIM) represent the highest volume of application of this steel. In this work we studied the behavior of rolled, micro melted and injected 17 4 PH steel, after solubilization in water-polymer-based cooling media and subsequent cryogenic cooling. In the initial characterization, a more homogeneous microstructure was found in the rolled samples. The microstructures of the injected samples were homogeneous, but with the presence of small porosity volume and the micro melted samples showed a high level of microstructural segregation. After the application of the solubilization process, all the samples of the different manufacturing processes showed dissolution of the intermetallics, but no changes were observed in the presence of segregation of the micro melted samples. Regarding Vickers microhardness, the samples obtained by the MIM process presented higher values and with lower standard deviation. Laminated samples presented lower values than those obtained by the MIM process and the lowest results were found in the micro melted samples. The DRX peaks of the samples, after solubilization, remained similar but with greater intensity due to the overlapping of the peaks, cubic of centered body and tetragonal of centered body. From the results it can be concluded that the solubilization in polymers and application of cryogenics were directly influenced by the preliminary condition of the manufacturing processes. The mechanisms to improve the segregation aspects are associated with mechanical conformation and heat treatment, being unfeasible in the micro melting and MIM processes, due to the presence of anisotropies as porosity and low elongation.
Descrição
Dissertação (mestrado)
Palavras-chave
17 4 PH, Polímeros, Subzero, Criogenia, Polymers, Cryogenics
Citação
VIEIRA, Raí Lima. Estudo comparativo da solubilização de aços inoxidáveis 17 4 PH produzidos pelos processos de laminação, microfusão e metal injection molds resfriados em polímeros. 2020. 65f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Mecânica, Escola de Engenharia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, 2020.
