Proposta de método de ensaio acelerado para a determinação do coeficiente de difusão de íons cloreto em concretos na condição saturada
Resumo
Uma maneira de realizar a previsão da vida útil de serviço de uma determinada estrutura de
concreto armado ou protendido, exposta em ambientes que contenham o agente agressivo íon
cloreto, é através da determinação do coeficiente de difusão de íons cloreto, o qual indica a
capacidade que um determinado tipo de concreto tem de resistir à penetração desse agente
agressivo. A determinação do coeficiente de difusão, em laboratório, pode ser realizada com um
período mínimo de contaminação, de acordo com ensaios normatizados de 35 dias, consumindo
assim, grande quantidade de tempo. Levando isso em consideração, torna-se possível observar a
necessidade da existência de métodos de ensaios precisos e ágeis capazes de avaliar como os
materiais de uma determinada estrutura irão se comportar em ambientes que possuem a presença de
cloretos. Tendo isso em vista, a presente pesquisa visa analisar o comportamento do coeficiente de
difusão de íons cloreto em concretos na condição saturada, a partir de ensaios com menor tempo de
contaminação e com a utilização de uma maior concentração de agente contaminante do previsto no
ensaio normatizado, além disso, pretende-se analisar também, o comportamento da concentração
superficial de cloretos ao longo do tempo. Para tanto, é importante salientar que foram estudados
três traços de concreto, um utilizando cimento de alta resistência inicial em sua dosagem, outro
cimento de alta resistência inicial com adição de 10% de sílica ativa e um com cimento do tipo
pozolânico, todos os traços consideraram uma relação água/aglomerante de 0,40. Os ensaios foram
realizados em idades de contaminação que variam entre 7, 14, 21 e 35 dias, a partir de dois métodos
propostos, o primeiro, é chamado neste trabalho de método Acelerado Modificado – NaCl 250g/dm3
e o outro desenvolvido por Guimarães Helene (2007), os resultados obtidos por esses ensaios foram
comparados com os obtidos pela aplicação do método normatizado NT BUILD 443 (1995) e com os
advindos do método tradicional, o qual utiliza de uma solução contaminante de íons cloretos
semelhante a encontrada na água do mar (NaCl 0,5M). Assim sendo, a partir da aplicação da
metodologia proposta, conclui-se que os valores da concentração superficial de cloretos, para os
concretos dosados com cimento de alta resistência inicial com adição de 10% de sílica ativa e com
cimento pozolânico, obtiveram uma variação com tendência crescente ao passar do tempo, já esse
valor para o concreto dosado com cimento de alta resistência inicial, não apresentou variação
significativa com o passar do tempo, apresentando, assim, uma determinada constância nos valores.
No que diz respeito aos valores encontrados para coeficiente de difusão, contatou-se que para todos
os traços estudados e métodos de ensaios propostos os valores para tal parâmetro foram satisfatórios
na idade de contaminação de 7 dias quando comparados com os obtidos a partir do ensaio
normatizado pela NT BUILD 443 (1995) e com o ensaio NaCl 0,5M.
A way of to realize the service life prediction of a particular reinforced or prestressed concrete structure exposed to environments containing the aggressive chloride ion agent is by determining the diffusion coefficient of chloride ions, which indicates the resistance level of a particular type of concrete to the penetration of such aggressive agent. The determination of the diffusion coefficient in the laboratory can be carried out during a minimum period of 35 days, which consumes a great period of time. Taking this into account, we come across a real need for accurate and agile test methods capable of evaluating how materials of a certain structure will behave under the presence of chlorides. This study aims to analyze the behavior of the diffusion coefficient of chloride ions in concrete under the saturated condition, through tests with a smallor contamination time and with a higher concentration of pollutant than those previously used during the standardized test. Besides, it is also intended to analyze the behavior of the chloride surface concentration over time. In order to do so, it is important to note that three mixes of concrete were taken under analysis: one using high initial strength cement in its dosage, another with high initial strength cement with addition of 10% of active silica and a pozzolanic type cement, with water/cement factor ratio of 0.40. The tests were carried out at ages of contamination ranging from 7, 14, 21 and 35 days, from two methods proposed, the first is called in this study as Modified Accelerated Method - NaCl 250g / dm3 and the other was developed by Guimarães Helene (2007), the results obtained by these tests were compared with the those of the standard method NT BUILD 443 (1995) and with the traditional method, which uses a contaminant solution of chloride ions found in sea water (NaCl 0.5M). Therefore, from the application of the proposed methodology, it is concluded that the values of the chloride surface concentration for the concretes containing high initial strength cement with 10% of silica and with pozzolanic cement, was obtained a variation with a growing tendency, which was different for the concrete with high initial strength cement, that did not show significant variation through the age of the contamination, thus presenting a certain constancy in the values. Regarding the results obtained for the diffusion coefficient, it was found that for all the mixes studied and the proposed test methods, the values for such parameter were satisfactory at the age of contamination of 7 days when compared with those obtained according to the test standardized by NT BUILD 443 (1995) and the NaCl 0.5M experiment.
A way of to realize the service life prediction of a particular reinforced or prestressed concrete structure exposed to environments containing the aggressive chloride ion agent is by determining the diffusion coefficient of chloride ions, which indicates the resistance level of a particular type of concrete to the penetration of such aggressive agent. The determination of the diffusion coefficient in the laboratory can be carried out during a minimum period of 35 days, which consumes a great period of time. Taking this into account, we come across a real need for accurate and agile test methods capable of evaluating how materials of a certain structure will behave under the presence of chlorides. This study aims to analyze the behavior of the diffusion coefficient of chloride ions in concrete under the saturated condition, through tests with a smallor contamination time and with a higher concentration of pollutant than those previously used during the standardized test. Besides, it is also intended to analyze the behavior of the chloride surface concentration over time. In order to do so, it is important to note that three mixes of concrete were taken under analysis: one using high initial strength cement in its dosage, another with high initial strength cement with addition of 10% of active silica and a pozzolanic type cement, with water/cement factor ratio of 0.40. The tests were carried out at ages of contamination ranging from 7, 14, 21 and 35 days, from two methods proposed, the first is called in this study as Modified Accelerated Method - NaCl 250g / dm3 and the other was developed by Guimarães Helene (2007), the results obtained by these tests were compared with the those of the standard method NT BUILD 443 (1995) and with the traditional method, which uses a contaminant solution of chloride ions found in sea water (NaCl 0.5M). Therefore, from the application of the proposed methodology, it is concluded that the values of the chloride surface concentration for the concretes containing high initial strength cement with 10% of silica and with pozzolanic cement, was obtained a variation with a growing tendency, which was different for the concrete with high initial strength cement, that did not show significant variation through the age of the contamination, thus presenting a certain constancy in the values. Regarding the results obtained for the diffusion coefficient, it was found that for all the mixes studied and the proposed test methods, the values for such parameter were satisfactory at the age of contamination of 7 days when compared with those obtained according to the test standardized by NT BUILD 443 (1995) and the NaCl 0.5M experiment.
Descrição
Dissertação (mestrado)
Palavras-chave
Métodos Acelerados, Difusão, Cloretos, Concreto, Accelerated Testing, Diffusion, Chloride, Concrete
Citação
FANTON, Tássia. Proposta de método de ensaio acelerado para a determinação do coeficiente de difusão de íons cloreto em concretos na condição saturada. 2017. 163f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Oceânica, Escola de Engenharia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, 2017.
