Campos magnéticos aplicados em cultivos com Phaffia rhodozyma: avaliação do crescimento, produção de carotenoides e extração com ruptura química
Resumo
Os carotenoides constituem um grupo de pigmentos naturais de coloração amarela, laranja e
vermelha que possuem importante atividade biológica devido as suas propriedades
antioxidantes. Com a crescente demanda por tais compostos para serem utilizados em produtos
alimentícios, farmacêuticos, cosméticos e rações, o interesse nos carotenoides naturalmente
obtidos por processos biotecnológicos vem aumentando. A levedura Phaffia rhodozyma se
destaca como produtora de carotenoides, onde seu conteúdo pode ser aumentado através da
estimulação da síntese com a aplicação de campos magnéticos (CM). Desta forma o objetivo
deste estudo foi avaliar a influência dos campos magnéticos no cultivo de P. rhodozyma NRRL
Y-17268 e o processo de extração de carotenoides por ruptura química. Primeiramente a
aplicação do CM durante o cultivo do inóculo foi avaliada, sendo testadas as condições de 0 mT
(controle) e 30 mT. Obteve-se aumento de 12,8% na concentração celular em 24 h no cultivo
com a aplicação de CM em relação ao ensaio controle, sendo padronizada como melhor
alternativa para o cultivo do inóculo. Desta forma nos ensaios posteriores o cultivo do inóculo
foi feito em frascos agitados, caldo YM (yeast extract – malt extract), 25 °C, 150 rpm, 24 h,
sob ação de 30 mT. Já os cultivos para a produção de carotenoides foram feitos em frascos
agitados orbitalmente (500 mL) com 225 mL do meio YM, pH inicial 6,0, 10% de inóculo
(108
cél mL-1), 25 ºC, 180 rpm por 168 h. Nesta etapa foram testados diferentes tempos de
exposição ao CM (30 mT) ao longo de 168 h de cultivo e ensaio controle (sem a aplicação do
CM). Em todos os cultivos foram determinados o pH e as concentrações de biomassa, açúcares
redutores e carotenoides. Para a extração dos carotenoides da biomassa foi realizada a ruptura
química das células utilizando dimetilsulfóxido (DMSO) e posteriormente a extração dos
carotenoides com acetona e hexano obtendo-se os extratos carotenogênicos. Sendo que os
melhores resultados de concentração de biomassa (7,23 ± 0,33 g L-1), carotenoides volumétricos
(1189,81 ± 26,18 µg L-1) e produtividade em carotenoides (12,39 ± 1,11 µg L-1 h-1) foram
alcançados em 96 h quando o CM foi aplicado durante todo o cultivo. Nesta condição a
concentração volumétrica de carotenoides foi 42,9% maior que o ensaio controle. Após
determinadas as melhores condições de cultivo foram avaliadas diferentes formas de extração
por ruptura química e pré-tratamentos na biomassa para melhorar o processo de extração dos
carotenoides. Nos ensaios de ruptura celular seguida de extração (3 repetições) utilizando
biomassa que foi seca (24 h) e congelada (24 h) foi possível observar concentração volumétrica
de carotenoides de 1620,39±59,34 µg L-1. Esses resultados nos permitem concluir que após
serem definidas as melhores condições de cultivo com CM, pré-tratamento da biomassa e
extração de carotenoides, foi possível reduzir o tempo total de processo em escala laboratorial
em 120 h em relação a metodologia atualmente utilizada pelo grupo de pesquisa.
Carotenoids are a group of natural yellow, orange and red pigments that have important biological activity due to their antioxidant properties. Interest in carotenoids naturally obtained by biotechnological processes has been increasing, because of the growing demand for such compounds in food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and animal feed. The yeast Phaffia rhodozyma stands out as a carotenoid producer, whose content may be increased by stimulating synthesis with magnetic field (MF) application. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of MF on the cultivation of P. rhodozyma NRRL Y-17268 and the process of carotenoid extraction by chemical rupture. MF application in the inoculum culture was evaluated (0 mT – control and 30 mT). Cellular concentration increased 12.8% after 24 h culture with MF application by comparison with the control assay; it was considered the best alternative for the inoculum. Thus, in the other assays, the inoculum was cultivated in orbitally shaken flasks, YM broth, 25 ºC, 150 rpm, 30 mT for 24 h. Carotenoid production was performed in orbitally shaken flasks (500 mL) with 225 mL YM medium, initial pH 6.0, 10% inoculum (108 cells mL-1), 25 °C, 180 rpm for 168 h. In this stage, different MF exposure times (30 mT) were tested over the 168 h culture by comparison with the control assay (without MF application) to determine pH and concentrations of biomass, reducing sugars and carotenoid. Chemical cell rupture was performed by dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) to extract carotenoids from the biomass. Carotenoids were extracted with acetone and hexane and resulted in carotenogenic extracts. The best biomass concentration (7.23 ± 0.33 g L-1), volumetric carotenoids (1189.81 ± 26.18 µg L−1) and carotenoid productivity (12.39 ± 1.11 µg L-1 h-1) were reached in 96 h, when the MF was applied throughout the cultivation. In this condition, carotenoid concentration was 42.9% higher than the one found in the control assay. After determining the best cultivation conditions, different forms of extraction by chemical rupture and pretreatments in biomass were evaluated to improve the process of carotenoid extraction. In the assays of cell rupture followed by extraction (3 replicates) with dry (24 h) and frozen (24 h) biomass, 1620.39 ± 59.34 µg L-1 was found. Results show that, after defining the best conditions for P. rhodozyma cultivation with MF, pre-treatment of biomass and carotenoid extraction, total process time could be reduced in 120 h on a laboratory scale by comparison with the procedure currently used by the research group.
Carotenoids are a group of natural yellow, orange and red pigments that have important biological activity due to their antioxidant properties. Interest in carotenoids naturally obtained by biotechnological processes has been increasing, because of the growing demand for such compounds in food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and animal feed. The yeast Phaffia rhodozyma stands out as a carotenoid producer, whose content may be increased by stimulating synthesis with magnetic field (MF) application. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of MF on the cultivation of P. rhodozyma NRRL Y-17268 and the process of carotenoid extraction by chemical rupture. MF application in the inoculum culture was evaluated (0 mT – control and 30 mT). Cellular concentration increased 12.8% after 24 h culture with MF application by comparison with the control assay; it was considered the best alternative for the inoculum. Thus, in the other assays, the inoculum was cultivated in orbitally shaken flasks, YM broth, 25 ºC, 150 rpm, 30 mT for 24 h. Carotenoid production was performed in orbitally shaken flasks (500 mL) with 225 mL YM medium, initial pH 6.0, 10% inoculum (108 cells mL-1), 25 °C, 180 rpm for 168 h. In this stage, different MF exposure times (30 mT) were tested over the 168 h culture by comparison with the control assay (without MF application) to determine pH and concentrations of biomass, reducing sugars and carotenoid. Chemical cell rupture was performed by dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) to extract carotenoids from the biomass. Carotenoids were extracted with acetone and hexane and resulted in carotenogenic extracts. The best biomass concentration (7.23 ± 0.33 g L-1), volumetric carotenoids (1189.81 ± 26.18 µg L−1) and carotenoid productivity (12.39 ± 1.11 µg L-1 h-1) were reached in 96 h, when the MF was applied throughout the cultivation. In this condition, carotenoid concentration was 42.9% higher than the one found in the control assay. After determining the best cultivation conditions, different forms of extraction by chemical rupture and pretreatments in biomass were evaluated to improve the process of carotenoid extraction. In the assays of cell rupture followed by extraction (3 replicates) with dry (24 h) and frozen (24 h) biomass, 1620.39 ± 59.34 µg L-1 was found. Results show that, after defining the best conditions for P. rhodozyma cultivation with MF, pre-treatment of biomass and carotenoid extraction, total process time could be reduced in 120 h on a laboratory scale by comparison with the procedure currently used by the research group.
Descrição
Dissertação (Mestrado)
Palavras-chave
Levedura, Ímãs, Efeito magnético, Extrato carotenogênico, Yeast, Magnets, Magnetic effect, Carotenogenic extract
Citação
SILVA, Pedro Garcia Pereira da. Campos magnéticos aplicados em cultivos com Phaffia rhodozyma: avaliação do crescimento, produção de carotenoides e extração com ruptura química. 2020. 90 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia e Ciência de Alimentos) - Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia e Ciência de Alimentos, Escola de Química e Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, 2020.
