Nanofibras poliméricas com corantes naturais como indicadores colorimétricos de pH
Resumo
As pesquisas para desenvolvimento e aplicação da nanotecnologia na ciência de alimentos
vem avançando a fim de assegurar a qualidade dos produtos alimentícios. A nanotecnologia
pode ser aplicada à indústria de alimentos para produção, processamento, armazenamento e
controle de qualidade dos alimentos. Os nanomateriais têm sido utilizados para produção de
embalagem inteligente na detecção de alterações que comprometem a qualidade dos
alimentos. Nanoindicadores e nanodispositivos são sistemas inteligentes de embalagem que
permitem sinalizar possível contaminação microbiológica e variações nos parâmetros físicoquímicos de alimentos de forma dinâmica e sensível. Esses nanomaterias podem ser
produzidos a partir de nanofibras as quais vão monitorar a qualidade físico-química do
produto, garantindo alimentos seguros e livres de contaminações, aumentado assim a
aceitabilidade do alimento pelo consumidor. Neste contexto, este trabalho descreve o
desenvolvimento e avalição de nanofibras poliméricas adicionadas de corantes naturais como
curcumina, quercetina e ficocianina com potencial aplicação como indicadores de tempo-pH,
para monitoramento da qualidade de alimentos. As nanofibras foram desenvolvidas a partir da
técnica de electrospinning com soluções poliméricas de 13% (m v-1) de poliprolactona (PCL)
e 6% (m v-1) de poli (óxido de etileno) (PEO) em clorofórmio e água destilada (8:2). Os
corantes naturias adicionados foram curcumina, quercetina ou ficocianina nas concentrações
de 2, 3 e 4% (m v-1
). Soluções com 2% (m v-1) de curcumina com adição de 0,5, 1 e 2% (m v1
) de ficocianina e, 2% (m v-1) de quercetina com adição de 0,5, 1 e 2% (m v-1) de ficocianina
também foram preparadas. As nanofibras foram avaliadas quanto aos parâmetros físicoquímicos das nanofibras obtidas, como diâmetro médio, viscosidade, transições endo e
exotérmicas e molhabilidade. Também foram avaliados o potencial de irreversibilidade da
coloração, eficiência de cor e cinética de variação de cor (ΔΕ) que foi realizada por 24 h,
utilizando soluções tampão (pH 2 ao 7). O diâmetro médio das nanofibras foram de 691,2 ±
122,6 nm, sendo que o menor foi obtido na condição com 2% (m v-1) de curcumina, 550 ±
117 nm. A análise de molhabilidade mostrou que a nanofibra com 2% (m v-1) de ficocianina
apresentou caráter hidrofóbico, 95,4 ± 0,2o
, o que pode ter influenciado na obtenção dos
melhores resultados de eficiência de cor onde, pois após 20 h de análise a coloração mantevese estável. O indicador com 2% (m v-1) de ficocianina também apresentou resultados
superiores de variação de cor, ente 15,5 a 21,4, nas faixas de pH 3 ao 6 quando comparado
aos valores obtidos com o indicador de curcumina com 0,5% (m v-1) de ficocianina. Em testes
de irreversibilidade da cor essa condição não retrocedeu para a coloração inicial, após
aproximadamente 10 min de análise, confirmando que os indicadores não podem sofrer
adulterações. Com estes resultados, as nanofibras de 13% de PCL e 6% de PEO contendo 2%
(m v-1) de ficocianina mostrou ser alternativa promissora para aplicação como indicadores de
tempo-pH, em embalagens para o monitoramento da viabilidade de alimentos perecíveis.
Research for the development and application of nanotechnology in food science has been advancing in order to ensure the quality of food products. Nanotechnology can be applied to the food industry for the production, processing, storage and quality control of food. Nanomaterials have been used to produce smart packaging to detect changes that compromise food quality. Nanoindicators and nanodevices are intelligent packaging systems that allow to signal possible microbiological contamination and variations in the physical-chemical parameters of food in a dynamic and sensitive way. These nanomaterials can be produced from nanofibers which will monitor the physical-chemical quality of the product, guaranteeing safe and contamination-free food, thus increasing the acceptability of the food by the consumer. In this context, this work describes the development and evaluation of polymeric nanofibers added with natural dyes such as curcumin, quercetin and phycocyanin with potential application as time-pH indicators, for monitoring food quality. The nanofibers were developed using the electrospinning technique with polymeric solutions of 13% (m v-1) polyprolactone (PCL) and 6% (m v-1) poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) in chloroform and distilled water (8:2). The natural dyes added were curcumin, quercetin or phycocyanin in concentrations of 2, 3 and 4% (m v-1). Solutions with 2% (m v-1) of curcumin with addition of 0.5, 1 and 2% (m v-1) of phycocyanin and, 2% (m v-1) of quercetin with addition of 0.5, 1 and 2 % (m v-1) of phycocyanin were also prepared. The nanofibers were evaluated for the physical-chemical parameters of the obtained nanofibers, such as average diameter, viscosity, endo and exothermic transitions and wettability. The potential for color irreversibility, color efficiency and color variation kinetics (ΔΕ) were also evaluated for 24 h, using buffer solutions (pH 2 to 7). The average diameter of the nanofibers was 691.2 ± 122.6 nm, the smallest being obtained in the condition with 2% (m v-1) of curcumin, 550 ± 117 nm. The wettability analysis showed that the nanofiber with 2% (m v-1) of phycocyanin had a hydrophobic character, 95.4 ± 0.2o , which may have influenced the achievement of the best color efficiency results where, after 20 h analysis the color remained stable. The indicator with 2% (m v-1) of phycocyanin also showed superior results of color variation, between 15.5 to 21.4, in the pH ranges 3 to 6 when compared to the values obtained with the curcumin indicator with 0, 5% (m v-1) of phycocyanin. In color irreversibility tests, this condition did not return to the initial color, after approximately 10 min of analysis, confirming that the indicators cannot be tampered with. With these results, the nanofibers of 13% PCL and 6% PEO containing 2% (m v-1) of phycocyanin showed to be a promising alternative for application as time-pH indicators, in packages for monitoring the viability of perishable foods.
Research for the development and application of nanotechnology in food science has been advancing in order to ensure the quality of food products. Nanotechnology can be applied to the food industry for the production, processing, storage and quality control of food. Nanomaterials have been used to produce smart packaging to detect changes that compromise food quality. Nanoindicators and nanodevices are intelligent packaging systems that allow to signal possible microbiological contamination and variations in the physical-chemical parameters of food in a dynamic and sensitive way. These nanomaterials can be produced from nanofibers which will monitor the physical-chemical quality of the product, guaranteeing safe and contamination-free food, thus increasing the acceptability of the food by the consumer. In this context, this work describes the development and evaluation of polymeric nanofibers added with natural dyes such as curcumin, quercetin and phycocyanin with potential application as time-pH indicators, for monitoring food quality. The nanofibers were developed using the electrospinning technique with polymeric solutions of 13% (m v-1) polyprolactone (PCL) and 6% (m v-1) poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) in chloroform and distilled water (8:2). The natural dyes added were curcumin, quercetin or phycocyanin in concentrations of 2, 3 and 4% (m v-1). Solutions with 2% (m v-1) of curcumin with addition of 0.5, 1 and 2% (m v-1) of phycocyanin and, 2% (m v-1) of quercetin with addition of 0.5, 1 and 2 % (m v-1) of phycocyanin were also prepared. The nanofibers were evaluated for the physical-chemical parameters of the obtained nanofibers, such as average diameter, viscosity, endo and exothermic transitions and wettability. The potential for color irreversibility, color efficiency and color variation kinetics (ΔΕ) were also evaluated for 24 h, using buffer solutions (pH 2 to 7). The average diameter of the nanofibers was 691.2 ± 122.6 nm, the smallest being obtained in the condition with 2% (m v-1) of curcumin, 550 ± 117 nm. The wettability analysis showed that the nanofiber with 2% (m v-1) of phycocyanin had a hydrophobic character, 95.4 ± 0.2o , which may have influenced the achievement of the best color efficiency results where, after 20 h analysis the color remained stable. The indicator with 2% (m v-1) of phycocyanin also showed superior results of color variation, between 15.5 to 21.4, in the pH ranges 3 to 6 when compared to the values obtained with the curcumin indicator with 0, 5% (m v-1) of phycocyanin. In color irreversibility tests, this condition did not return to the initial color, after approximately 10 min of analysis, confirming that the indicators cannot be tampered with. With these results, the nanofibers of 13% PCL and 6% PEO containing 2% (m v-1) of phycocyanin showed to be a promising alternative for application as time-pH indicators, in packages for monitoring the viability of perishable foods.
Descrição
Dissertação (Mestrado)
Palavras-chave
Curcumina, Electrospinning, Ficocianina, Indicador, Nanofibras colorimétricas, Poliprolactona, Poli (óxido de etileno), Quercetina, Tempo-pH, Curcumin, Phycocyanin, Indicator, Quercetin, Colorimetric nanofibers, Polyprolactone, Poly (ethylene oxide), Time-pH
Citação
TERRA, Ana Luiza Machado. Nanofibras poliméricas com corantes naturais como indicadores colorimétricos de pH. 2020. 109 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia e Ciência de Alimentos) - Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia e Ciência de Alimentos, Escola de Química e Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, 2020.
