Análise termoeconômica da recuperação do calor residual dos gases de motores marítimos por ciclo binário de vapor
Resumo
Na presente dissertação de mestrado foi realizada uma análise termoeconômica, tendo o intuito de reduzir o desperdício do calor residual dos gases de exaustão de motores marítimos e otimizar o sistema termodinâmico, unindo aumento de eficiência energética e redução econômica. Para isso, foi utilizada como ciclo de potência para o ciclo binário de vapor o qual utiliza dois fluidos de trabalho para seu funcionamento. Neste estudo, serão utilizados como fluido de trabalho a água para o ciclo superior e os fluidos orgânicos R601a, R134a e R32 para o ciclo inferior. A análise foi realizada para dois motores marítimos, modelos 8X52 e 12X92 do fabricante Wärtsilä, para duas pressões diferentes do gerador de vapor de recuperação, 7 bara e 9 bara. Para verificar a influência do ciclo binário, o título de saída da turbina do ciclo superior foi variado de 85% a 99% com um passo de 1%. Verificou-se a capacidade de reaproveitamento de calor residual para geração de potência elétrica com a utilização do ciclo binário. Além disso, com o intuito de realizar a análise termoeconômica, composta pelas análises energéticas, exergéticas e econômicas foram verificadas as taxas de destruição exergéticas em cada um dos equipamentos do ciclo binário e o custo dos equipamentos. Deste modo, verificou-se que apesar do aumento de potência elétrica gerada, a inserção de mais equipamentos, a qual compõe o ciclo inferior, não compensa devido ao aumento da taxa de destruição exergética e no custo da planta de potência e produção de energia. Verificou-se que a otimização do ciclo binário ocorre nas extremidades, onde apenas uma das partes do ciclo é predominante. Além disso, os melhores resultados das análises ocorrem com o fluido orgânico seco R601a.
In the following master's dissertation, a thermoeconomic analysis was carried out, to reduce waste heat from the exhaust gases of marine engines and optimize the thermodynamic system, combining increased energy efÏciency and economic reduction. In this way, the steam binary cycle technology was used, which uses two working fluids for its operation. In this study, water will be used as a working fluid for the topping cycle and organic fluids R601a, R134a and R32 for the bottoming cycle. The analysis was performed for two marine engines, models 8X52 and 12X92 from the manufacturer Wärtsilä, for two different pressures of the recovery steam generator, 7 bara, and 9 bara. To verify the influence of the binary cycle, the turbine output quality of the topping cycle was varied from 85% to 99% with a step of 1%. The ability to reuse waste heat to generate electrical power was verified using the binary cycle. In addition, to carry out the thermoeconomic analysis, composed of energy, exergetic and economic analysis, the exergetic destruction rates in each of the equipment of the binary cycle and the cost of the equipment were verified. Thus, it was found that despite the increase in electrical power, the insertion of more equipment, which makes up the bottoming cycle, does not compensate due to the increase in the rate of exergy destruction and the cost of the power plant and energy production. It was found that the optimization of the binary cycle occurs at the ends, where only one part of the cycle is predominant. Furthermore, the best analysis results occur with the dry organic fluid R601a.
In the following master's dissertation, a thermoeconomic analysis was carried out, to reduce waste heat from the exhaust gases of marine engines and optimize the thermodynamic system, combining increased energy efÏciency and economic reduction. In this way, the steam binary cycle technology was used, which uses two working fluids for its operation. In this study, water will be used as a working fluid for the topping cycle and organic fluids R601a, R134a and R32 for the bottoming cycle. The analysis was performed for two marine engines, models 8X52 and 12X92 from the manufacturer Wärtsilä, for two different pressures of the recovery steam generator, 7 bara, and 9 bara. To verify the influence of the binary cycle, the turbine output quality of the topping cycle was varied from 85% to 99% with a step of 1%. The ability to reuse waste heat to generate electrical power was verified using the binary cycle. In addition, to carry out the thermoeconomic analysis, composed of energy, exergetic and economic analysis, the exergetic destruction rates in each of the equipment of the binary cycle and the cost of the equipment were verified. Thus, it was found that despite the increase in electrical power, the insertion of more equipment, which makes up the bottoming cycle, does not compensate due to the increase in the rate of exergy destruction and the cost of the power plant and energy production. It was found that the optimization of the binary cycle occurs at the ends, where only one part of the cycle is predominant. Furthermore, the best analysis results occur with the dry organic fluid R601a.
Descrição
Dissertação (Mestrado)
Palavras-chave
Reaproveitamento de calor residual, Termoeconomia, Redução de custos, Ciclo binário, Motores marítimos, WHRS, Thermoeconomic, Cost reduction, Binary cycle, Marine engines
Citação
MACHADO, Kamille Vieira. Análise termoeconômica da recuperação do calor residual dos gases de motores marítimos por ciclo binário de vapor. 2024. 137f. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Oceânica, Escola de Engenharia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, 2024.
