Avaliação do medo da COVID - 19 e fatores associados em idosos da zona rural em um município do sul do Brasil
Resumo
A pandemia de COVID-19, uma doença causada pelo vírus SARS-COV-2, teve uma
apresentação clínica e taxa de mortalidade especialmente grave em pessoas ≥ de 60 anos de
idade e/ou com comorbidades antes do desenvolvimento de vacinas. Essa situação gerou
aumento do medo e de transtornos de ansiedade e depressão em nível mundial. O objetivo deste
estudo é avaliar o medo da COVID-19 e os fatores associados, além da relação deste com a
prevalência de sintomas de depressão maior entre os idosos moradores da zona rural da cidade
de Rio Grande, RS. Para isso, foram utilizados dados do “EpiRural Rio Grande: coorte de idosos
da área rural do Rio Grande, RS”, pesquisa de base populacional com o objetivo de descrever
e monitorar os padrões de morbimortalidade e de utilização de serviços de saúde dos idosos
moradores da área rural do município. Neste projeto, o delineamento foi transversal, com dados
coletados no segundo acompanhamento, realizado entre os anos de 2020 e 2022. No artigo 1, a
variável dependente foi o medo da COVID-19, utilizando-se a Escala de Medo da COVID-19
(FCV-19S). Como variáveis independentes, foram avaliadas sexo, idade, cor da pele,
escolaridade, estado civil, ocupação, renda, estado de saúde, hábitos comportamentais, dores,
uso dos serviços de saúde, presença de doenças/morbidades físicas e mentais. No artigo 2, a
variável dependente foi sintomas de depressão maior, avaliada por meio do Patient Health
Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), e a exposição principal foi o medo da COVID-19 (FCV-19S). O
artigo 1 observou como resultado uma pontuação média do FCS-19S de 18,2 pontos (± 8,9),
sendo fatores associados a menor medo, sexo masculino, período de entrevista após início da
vacinação, ter saído para realizar necessidades essenciais, ter recebido familiares e/ou amigos
em casa e ter praticado alguma atividade relacionada a crença, religião ou espiritualidade. Maior
medo esteve associado ao aumento do tabagismo no período da pandemia e à procura de
atendimento na Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS). No artigo 2, a prevalência de sintomas de
depressão maior foi 7,1% (IC95% 5,3-9,4), enquanto naqueles com muito medo da COVID-19
foi de 16,2% (IC95% 10,1-24,9). Após ajustes, a razão de prevalência de sintomas de depressão
maior aumentou 2,27 vezes (IC95% 1,10-4,65) para aqueles com muito medo, em relação
aqueles com pouco medo. Portanto, o medo se associou positivamente com piora de
comportamento de risco e uso de serviço de saúde e negativamente com a presença de crença e
espiritualidade, ter saído de casa em situações específicas, ser do sexo masculino e ter recebido
amigos ou familiares em casa. Além disso, os idosos com muito medo apresentaram maior
prevalência de sintomas depressivos. O estudo, portanto, mostrou a importância do medo no
planejamento de ações em saúde entre idosos moradores de área rural em uma pandemia.
The COVID-19 pandemic, a disease caused by the SARS-COV-2 virus, had an especially severe clinical presentation and mortality rate in people ≥ 60 years of age and/or with comorbidities before the development of vaccines. This situation has generated an increase in fear and anxiety and depression disorders worldwide. The objective of this study is to evaluate the fear of COVID-19 and associated factors, in addition to its relationship with the prevalence of symptoms of major depression among older people resident of the rural area of the city of Rio Grande, RS. For this, data were used from the “EpiRural Rio Grande: cohort of older people from the rural area of Rio Grande, RS”, a population-based survey with the objective of describing and monitoring the patterns of morbidity and mortality and use of health services among older people resident from the rural area of the municipality. In this project, the design was cross-sectional, with data collected in the second follow-up, carried out between 2020 and 2022. In article 1, the dependent variable was fear of COVID-19, using the COVID-19 Fear Scale (FCV-19S). As independent variables, sex, age, skin color, education, marital status, occupation, income, health status, behavioral habits, pain, use of health services, presence of physical and mental illnesses/morbidities were evaluated. In article 2, the dependent variable was symptoms of major depression, assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ9), and the main exposure was fear of COVID-19 (FCV-19S). Article 1 observed an average FCS-19S score of 18.2 points (± 8.9) as a result, with factors associated with less fear, male gender, interview period after the start of vaccination, having gone out to carry out essential needs, having received family and/or friends at home and having practiced some activity related to belief, religion or spirituality. Greater fear was associated with the increase in smoking during the pandemic period and the search for care at the Primary Healthcare Center (PHC). In article 2, the prevalence of symptoms of major depression was 7.1% (95%CI 5.3-9.4), while in those very afraid of COVID-19 it was 16.2% (95%CI 10.1- 24.9). After adjustments, the prevalence ratio of major depression symptoms increased 2.27 times (95% CI 1.10-4.65) for those with a lot of fear, compared to those with little fear. Therefore, fear was positively associated with worsening risk behavior and use of health services and negatively with the presence of belief and spirituality, having left home in specific situations, being male and having received friends or family at home. Furthermore, older people who were very afraid had a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms. The study therefore showed the importance of fear in planning health actions among older adults living in rural areas during a pandemic.
The COVID-19 pandemic, a disease caused by the SARS-COV-2 virus, had an especially severe clinical presentation and mortality rate in people ≥ 60 years of age and/or with comorbidities before the development of vaccines. This situation has generated an increase in fear and anxiety and depression disorders worldwide. The objective of this study is to evaluate the fear of COVID-19 and associated factors, in addition to its relationship with the prevalence of symptoms of major depression among older people resident of the rural area of the city of Rio Grande, RS. For this, data were used from the “EpiRural Rio Grande: cohort of older people from the rural area of Rio Grande, RS”, a population-based survey with the objective of describing and monitoring the patterns of morbidity and mortality and use of health services among older people resident from the rural area of the municipality. In this project, the design was cross-sectional, with data collected in the second follow-up, carried out between 2020 and 2022. In article 1, the dependent variable was fear of COVID-19, using the COVID-19 Fear Scale (FCV-19S). As independent variables, sex, age, skin color, education, marital status, occupation, income, health status, behavioral habits, pain, use of health services, presence of physical and mental illnesses/morbidities were evaluated. In article 2, the dependent variable was symptoms of major depression, assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ9), and the main exposure was fear of COVID-19 (FCV-19S). Article 1 observed an average FCS-19S score of 18.2 points (± 8.9) as a result, with factors associated with less fear, male gender, interview period after the start of vaccination, having gone out to carry out essential needs, having received family and/or friends at home and having practiced some activity related to belief, religion or spirituality. Greater fear was associated with the increase in smoking during the pandemic period and the search for care at the Primary Healthcare Center (PHC). In article 2, the prevalence of symptoms of major depression was 7.1% (95%CI 5.3-9.4), while in those very afraid of COVID-19 it was 16.2% (95%CI 10.1- 24.9). After adjustments, the prevalence ratio of major depression symptoms increased 2.27 times (95% CI 1.10-4.65) for those with a lot of fear, compared to those with little fear. Therefore, fear was positively associated with worsening risk behavior and use of health services and negatively with the presence of belief and spirituality, having left home in specific situations, being male and having received friends or family at home. Furthermore, older people who were very afraid had a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms. The study therefore showed the importance of fear in planning health actions among older adults living in rural areas during a pandemic.
Descrição
Tese (Doutorado)
Palavras-chave
Idoso, Medo da COVID-19, População rural, Sintomas de depressão, Elderly, Fear of COVID-19, Rural population, Depression symptoms
Citação
TEIXEIRA, Tarso Pereira. Avaliação do medo da COVID - 19 e fatores associados em idosos da zona rural em um município do sul do Brasil. 2024. 90 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ciências da Saúde) – Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, 2024.
