Avaliação das espécies de arsênio em ambientes lagunares costeiros do RS
Resumo
Arsênio (As) é um dos elementos potencialmente toxicos mais analisados, estudados e
comentados quando surgem sinais de sua presenca no meio ambiente, principalmente na
água, seja subterrânea ou superficial, estando relacionado em muitos casos de contaminação
no mundo todo. Entretanto, trabalhos relacionados ao As em águas naturais na América do Sul
ainda sao reduzidos comparando com outros temas de estudo do elemento,representando
apenas 4,36% de um total de quase 2 milhões de estudos relativos ao As no restante do
mundo. Conhecendo a importância devido as suas características cancerígenas, buscou-se
resumir a presença de As em águas superficiais e subterrâneas em toda a América do Sul,
avaliando suas fontes tanto naturais como antropicas e estabelecendo seu enfoque em regiões
onde os casos de contaminação ultrapassaram significativamente as diretrizes internacionais
estabelecidas para as águas naturais (Argentina, Chile, Peru, Uruguai, Bolívia e Brasil).
Podemos estabelecer o baixo percentual de estudo se considerarmos a importância do fato de
que esta situação é igualmente crucial em muitos países atingidos com este problema e os
importantes aspectos hidrologicos do continente sul americano quando existem buscas de
soluções internacionais para a questão da escassez de água. Assim podemos considerar a
necessidade de crescimento nos estudos quanto ao As em ambientes lagunares na America do
Sul,como também numa escala regional, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul,principalmante nas
regiões destinadas principalmente ao uso agrícola, pois podem apresentar características
importantes quanto a uma hipotética situação de contaminação nestes ambientes,
principalmente quando vivemos no Brasil desde 2016 um período de aprovação e abertura de
uso permitido e retorno de diversos produtos de uso agroquímico proibido a muitos anos por
parte de setores do poder público sanitário. A técnica escolhida para aplicação e análise nesta
pesquisa dentro de uma realidade de estrutura laboratorial foi a Voltametria de Redissolução
Catódica com Pulso Diferencial (DPCSV). O método apresentou dentro da aplicação das
características analíticas de testagem, validação e recuperação resultados encontrados para
determinação de As total dentro da faixa aceitável da legislação, mas dentro do aspecto
comparativo do tipo de região maiores valores de concentração para regiões de saída de agua
de lavoura principalmente de arroz, com uma faixa de As(III) em torno de 0,017- 1,22 ug /L-1,
As(V) em torno de 0,10 - 1,36 ug /L-1e As Total em torno de 1,28 - 2,58 ug /L-1.
Arsenic (As) is one of the most extensively analyzed, studied, and discussed potentially toxic elements when signs of its presence in the environment, especially in water, whether underground or surface, emerge. It is associated with many cases of contamination worldwide. However, research related to As in natural waters in South America is still limited compared to other study topics related to the element, representing only 4.36% of nearly 2 million studies on As worldwide. Given its carcinogenic properties, there is a need to summarize the presence of As in both surface and groundwater throughout South America, evaluating its sources, both natural and anthropogenic, with a focus on regions where contamination cases have significantly exceeded international guidelines for natural waters (Argentina, Chile, Peru, Uruguay, Bolivia, and Brazil). The low percentage of research on this issue is striking when considering its significance, particularly in many affected countries and the important hydrological aspects of the South American continent, especially as international solutions are sought for water scarcity issues. Hence, there is a need for increased research on As in lagoon environments in South America and at a regional scale, particularly in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, primarily in regions designated for agricultural use. These areas may possess critical characteristics in the event of contamination, particularly considering that, since 2016, Brazil has experienced a period of approving and permitting the use of various agrochemical products previously banned for many years by certain sectors of public health authorities. The chosen technique for application and analysis in this study, within a laboratory setting, was Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry with Differential Pulse (DPCSV). The method, when applied in terms of analytical characteristics like testing, validation, and recovery, yielded results for total As determination within acceptable legal limits. However, in a comparative context, higher concentration values were found in regions where water exits from rice fields, with As(III) concentrations ranging from approximately 0.017-1.22 ug/L,As(V) concentrations around 0.10-1.36 ug/L, and total As concentrations around 1.28-2.58 ug/L.
Arsenic (As) is one of the most extensively analyzed, studied, and discussed potentially toxic elements when signs of its presence in the environment, especially in water, whether underground or surface, emerge. It is associated with many cases of contamination worldwide. However, research related to As in natural waters in South America is still limited compared to other study topics related to the element, representing only 4.36% of nearly 2 million studies on As worldwide. Given its carcinogenic properties, there is a need to summarize the presence of As in both surface and groundwater throughout South America, evaluating its sources, both natural and anthropogenic, with a focus on regions where contamination cases have significantly exceeded international guidelines for natural waters (Argentina, Chile, Peru, Uruguay, Bolivia, and Brazil). The low percentage of research on this issue is striking when considering its significance, particularly in many affected countries and the important hydrological aspects of the South American continent, especially as international solutions are sought for water scarcity issues. Hence, there is a need for increased research on As in lagoon environments in South America and at a regional scale, particularly in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, primarily in regions designated for agricultural use. These areas may possess critical characteristics in the event of contamination, particularly considering that, since 2016, Brazil has experienced a period of approving and permitting the use of various agrochemical products previously banned for many years by certain sectors of public health authorities. The chosen technique for application and analysis in this study, within a laboratory setting, was Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry with Differential Pulse (DPCSV). The method, when applied in terms of analytical characteristics like testing, validation, and recovery, yielded results for total As determination within acceptable legal limits. However, in a comparative context, higher concentration values were found in regions where water exits from rice fields, with As(III) concentrations ranging from approximately 0.017-1.22 ug/L,As(V) concentrations around 0.10-1.36 ug/L, and total As concentrations around 1.28-2.58 ug/L.
Descrição
Tese (Doutorado)
Palavras-chave
Arsênio, Águas superficiais, Elementos tóxicos, Lavoura de arroz, DPCSV, Arsenic, Surface waters, Toxic elements, Rice cultivation
Citação
SILVA, Carlos Augusto Barbosa da. Avaliação das espécies de arsênio em ambientes lagunares costeiros do RS. 2023. 72 f. Tese (Doutorado em Química Tecnológica e Ambiental) – Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química Tecnológica e Ambiental , Escola de Química e Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, 2023.
