Contaminação por compostos Butilestânicos em três regiões portuárias do Chile
Resumo
O imposex em gastrópodes (Acanthina monodon, Oliva peruviana e Xanthochroid
Cassidyformis) e os níveis de butilestânicos (BTs) em sedimentos superficiais e
tecidos foram avaliados em três áreas sob a influência das atividades marítimas ao
longo da costa central do Chile. As concentrações mais elevadas de TBT foram
observadas na baia de São Vicente (Concepción), atingindo 122,3 ng Sn g-1
em
sedimentos superficiais e 59,7 ng Sn g-1
em tecidos de gastrópodes, enquanto em
Valparaiso variou de 7,4 a 15,8 ng Sn g-1
em biota. As menores concentrações de
TBT em sedimentos foram detectadas em Coquimbo (<2 ng Sn g- 1
), que pode ser
atribuída a um menor tráfego de embarcações (provavelmente usando produtos
livres de TBT) associado à dinâmica local. Apesar de DBT e MBT serem os analitos
predominantes, aportes recentes de TBT foram evidentes em algumas áreas. Na
verdade, os barcos de pesca pode ser uma fonte relevante, uma vez que estes
predominaram nos locais mais contaminados. Além disso, a ausência de diferenças
significativas entre os níveis BTs de ambos os sexos de A. monodon sugere que os
tecidos de sexos distintos podem ser indistintamente utilizados para estudos futuros
de contaminação. A incidência de Imposex foi detectada em 11 dos 15 locais
amostrados, indicando que os níveis ambientais de TBT tem sido suficiente para
induzir efeitos deletérios sobre os organismos expostos. Assim, os impactos
causados pelo TBT nas zonas costeiras do Chile foram detectáveis e consistentes
com outros estudos realizados na América do Sul. Este problema ambiental pode
ser, provavelmente, devido a falta de regulamentação proibindo o uso de tintas antiincrustantes
a base de TBT, indicando que esta pode ser a realidade das demais
áreas do Chile sob influência de atividades marítimas.
Imposex in gastropods (Acanthina monodon, Oliva peruviana and Xanthochorus cassidiformis), butyltins (BTs) levels in surface sediments and tissues were assessed in three areas under the influence of maritime activities along the central Chilean coast. The highest TBT concentrations were observed in São Vicente bay (Concepcion), reaching 122.3 ng Sn g-1 in surface sediments and 59.7 ng Sn g-1 in gastropods tissue, while in Valparaiso ranged from 7.4 to 15.8 ng Sn g-1 in biota. The lowest TBT concentrations were detected in Coquimbo (<2 ng Sn g-1 ), which can be attributed to a much lower ship/boat traffic (probably using TBT free products) in association to local dynamic. Despite DBT and MBT were the predominant analites, recent inputs of TBT were evident in some areas. In fact, fishing boats may be a relevant source since they predominated in the most contaminated sites. In addition, the absence of significant differences within BTs levels between both genders of A. monodon suggests that tissues from distinct sexes can be indistinctly used for future contamination studies. Imposex incidence was detected in 11 out of 15 sampled sites, indicating that environmental levels of TBT have been sufficient to induce deleterious effects on the exposed organisms. Thus, the impacts caused by TBT in Chilean coastal areas were detectable and consistent with other studies performed in South America. This present environmental problem may probably be due to the lack of regulations forbidding the use of TBT-based antifouling paints and might be the reality for other Chilean areas under the influence of maritime activities.
Imposex in gastropods (Acanthina monodon, Oliva peruviana and Xanthochorus cassidiformis), butyltins (BTs) levels in surface sediments and tissues were assessed in three areas under the influence of maritime activities along the central Chilean coast. The highest TBT concentrations were observed in São Vicente bay (Concepcion), reaching 122.3 ng Sn g-1 in surface sediments and 59.7 ng Sn g-1 in gastropods tissue, while in Valparaiso ranged from 7.4 to 15.8 ng Sn g-1 in biota. The lowest TBT concentrations were detected in Coquimbo (<2 ng Sn g-1 ), which can be attributed to a much lower ship/boat traffic (probably using TBT free products) in association to local dynamic. Despite DBT and MBT were the predominant analites, recent inputs of TBT were evident in some areas. In fact, fishing boats may be a relevant source since they predominated in the most contaminated sites. In addition, the absence of significant differences within BTs levels between both genders of A. monodon suggests that tissues from distinct sexes can be indistinctly used for future contamination studies. Imposex incidence was detected in 11 out of 15 sampled sites, indicating that environmental levels of TBT have been sufficient to induce deleterious effects on the exposed organisms. Thus, the impacts caused by TBT in Chilean coastal areas were detectable and consistent with other studies performed in South America. This present environmental problem may probably be due to the lack of regulations forbidding the use of TBT-based antifouling paints and might be the reality for other Chilean areas under the influence of maritime activities.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Anti-incrustante, Poluição, Gastrópodes, Sedimento, Tributilestanho, Antifouling, Pollution, Gastropods, Sediments, Tributyltin
Citação
BATISTA, Rodrigo Moço. Contaminação por compostos Butilestânicos em três regiões portuárias do Chile. 2016. 95 f. Dissertação (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química Tecnológica e Ambiental) - Escola de Química e Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, 2016.
