Design construtal aplicado para avaliação da influência geométrica na vazão mássica de uma chaminé solar de parede passiva inclinada anexa a um ambiente
Resumo
O presente trabalho visa empregar uma metodologia numérica para análise do escoamento turbulento em uma chaminé solar de parede passiva inclinada conectada a um ambiente (espaço ventilado), avaliando a influência da sua geometria sobre o desempenho do escoamento no ambiente através do método Design Construtal. O funcionamento desse dispositivo se dá a partir da radiação solar que incide na parede inclinada, aquecendo o ar e gerando a movimentação dele no interior da chaminé e consequentemente no ambiente anexo. O escoamento é admitido turbulento, incompressível, com transferência de calor por convecção natural e é analisado no regime transiente em um domínio bidimensional. As equações médias no tempo de conservação de massa, quantidade de movimento e energia são numericamente solucionadas pelo método de volumes finitos utilizando o software Fluent. Para o fechamento da turbulência foi empregada a modelagem clássica (RANS – Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes) com o modelo padrão k – ε. É considerado um escoamento de ar com Pr = 0,7. Estudos de independência de malha e de passo de tempo foram realizados, bem como a verificação do modelo computacional observando-se uma boa proximidade com resultados apresentados na literatura. Posteriormente, foi realizada a avaliação da influência da geometria da chaminé no comportamento da vazão mássica no ambiente, utilizando o método Design Construtal e submetendo a parede do absorvedor a uma taxa de transferência de calor constante. A área da chaminé e do ambiente são as restrições do problema, que é submetido a variação de três graus de liberdade, sendo eles: o tamanho da abertura de entrada para chaminé pela altura da mesma (Hi/Ha), a base inferior da chaminé pela altura da mesma (Wg/Ha) e a abertura da saída da chaminé pela base inferior da mesma (We/Wg). Os resultados mostraram que os graus de liberdade analisados possuem bastante influência no parâmetro de desempenho, confirmando o método Design Construtal como uma excelente ferramenta para avaliação da sensibilidade dos parâmetros geométricos. Também foi possível visualizar a existência de uma dependência entre os graus de liberdade analisados, já que, com exceção de Hi/Ha sobre (Wg/Ha)o, todas as razões geométricas ótimas foram influenciadas por variações no subsequente grau de liberdade investigado. Além disso, dentro do espaço de busca analisado, a configuração geométrica que conduziu a melhor vazão mássica (ṁ3m = 0,1880 kg/s m) obteve um valor 574,3% superior que o atingido no pior caso estudado.
The present work aims to employ a numerical methodology for the analysis of turbulent flow in an inclined passive wall solar chimney attached to a room (ventilated space), evaluating the influence of its geometry on the flow performance in the environment through the Construtal Design method. The operation of this device is given from the solar radiation incident on the inclined wall, heating the air and generating its movement inside the chimney and consequently in the attached space. The flow is admitted turbulent, incompressible, with heat transfer by natural convection and it is analyzed in the transient regime in a two dimensional domain. The time-averaged conservation equations of mass, momentum and energy are numerically solved by the finite volume method using the Fluent software. To reproduce de airflow turbulence, the classical modeling (RANS – Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes) with the standard model k – ε was used. It is considered an airflow with Pr = 0.7. A grid and time step independence tests were carried out, as well as the verification of the computational model, observing a good proximity with results presented in the literature. Subsequently, an evaluation of the influence of the chimney geometry on the mass flow behavior in the environment was carried out, using the Construtal Design method and submitting the absorber wall to a constant heat transfer rate. The chimney area and the room area are the problem restriction, which is submitted to a variation of three degrees of freedom, namely: the size of the inlet aperture to the chimney by the chimney height (Hi/Ha), the base air gap width by the chimney height (Wg/Ha) and the exit air gap width by the base air gap width (We/Wg). The results showed that the degrees of freedom analyzed have a strong influence on the performance parameter, confirming the Construtal Design method as an excellent tool for evaluating the sensibility of geometric parameters. It was also possible to visualize the existence of a dependence between the analyzed degrees of freedom, since, with the exception of Hi/Ha on (Wg/Ha)o, all the optimal geometric ratios were influenced by variations in the subsequent degree of freedom investigated. Furthermore, within the analyzed search space, the geometric configuration that led to the best mass flow (ṁ3m = 0.1880 kg/s m) obtained a value 574.3% higher than that achieved in the worst case studied.
The present work aims to employ a numerical methodology for the analysis of turbulent flow in an inclined passive wall solar chimney attached to a room (ventilated space), evaluating the influence of its geometry on the flow performance in the environment through the Construtal Design method. The operation of this device is given from the solar radiation incident on the inclined wall, heating the air and generating its movement inside the chimney and consequently in the attached space. The flow is admitted turbulent, incompressible, with heat transfer by natural convection and it is analyzed in the transient regime in a two dimensional domain. The time-averaged conservation equations of mass, momentum and energy are numerically solved by the finite volume method using the Fluent software. To reproduce de airflow turbulence, the classical modeling (RANS – Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes) with the standard model k – ε was used. It is considered an airflow with Pr = 0.7. A grid and time step independence tests were carried out, as well as the verification of the computational model, observing a good proximity with results presented in the literature. Subsequently, an evaluation of the influence of the chimney geometry on the mass flow behavior in the environment was carried out, using the Construtal Design method and submitting the absorber wall to a constant heat transfer rate. The chimney area and the room area are the problem restriction, which is submitted to a variation of three degrees of freedom, namely: the size of the inlet aperture to the chimney by the chimney height (Hi/Ha), the base air gap width by the chimney height (Wg/Ha) and the exit air gap width by the base air gap width (We/Wg). The results showed that the degrees of freedom analyzed have a strong influence on the performance parameter, confirming the Construtal Design method as an excellent tool for evaluating the sensibility of geometric parameters. It was also possible to visualize the existence of a dependence between the analyzed degrees of freedom, since, with the exception of Hi/Ha on (Wg/Ha)o, all the optimal geometric ratios were influenced by variations in the subsequent degree of freedom investigated. Furthermore, within the analyzed search space, the geometric configuration that led to the best mass flow (ṁ3m = 0.1880 kg/s m) obtained a value 574.3% higher than that achieved in the worst case studied.
Descrição
Dissertação (mestrado)
Palavras-chave
Chaminé Solar, Estudo Numérico, Design Construtal, Energia Solar, Ventilação Natural, Solar Chimney, Numerical Investigation, Design Constructal, Solar Energy, Natural Ventilation
Citação
LEÃO, Marta Rodrigues. Design construtal aplicado para avaliação da influência geométrica na vazão mássica de uma chaminé solar de parede passiva inclinada anexa a um ambiente. 2021. 68f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Modelagem Computacional, Instituto de Matemática, Estatística e Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, 2021.
