Parques eólicos offshore no litoral do Rio Grande do Sul
Resumo
A redução dos recursos energéticos tradicionais, bem como o aumento da demanda por energia para atender `a melhoria da qualidade de vida em países em desenvolvimento como o Brasil, apontam para o uso de fontes alternativas de energia, como os recursos eólicos. O Brasil tornou-se um dos países líderes na geração de energia eólica onshore mundial, no entanto os estudos do potencial offshore brasileiro e projetos de instalação ainda estão em seus estágios iniciais. Esta pesquisa busca avaliar o potencial eólico no litoral do Rio Grande do Sul, considerando a batimetria da costa, rotas de navegação, linhas de transmissão e, sobretudo, a intensidade da velocidade do vento `a 100 m de altura. Utilizando um conjunto de dados de reanálise e dados de saída de um modelo regional, realizou-se análises estatísticas e foi aplicado um método multivariado para verificar e classificar padrões de intensidade da velocidade do vento. Os resultados mostraram que magnitude da variabilidade do vento pode influenciar em mudanças nos padrões observados, no entanto não interfere no elevado potencial eólico que a área de estudo possui. As direções nordeste, leste e sudeste têm maiores taxas de ocorrência de vento na região. As velocidades médias mais elevadas ocorrem nos meses da primavera e as menores
no outono. O modelo regional refinou os resultados obtidos da reanálise, possibilitando avaliar cenários futuros. Concluiu-se que a região próxima ao porto da cidade de Rio Grande atende aos requisitos analisados e nela existe a possibilidade de instalar um parque eólico offshore entre as profundidades de 20 m e 50 m com a fundação por tripé, que seria a mais adequada para esse local.
The reduction of traditional energy resources, as well as the increase in energy demand to meet the improvement of the quality of life in developing countries like Brazil, point to the use of alternative energy sources, such as wind resources. Brazil has become one of the leading countries in wind power generation onshore worldwide, however studies of the potential offshore in Brazil and installation projects are still in their initial stages. This research seeks to evaluate the wind power potential on the coast of Rio Grande do Sul, considering the bathymetry of the coast, navigation routes, transmission lines and, above all, the intensity of the wind speed at a height of 100 m. Using a reanalysis dataset and output data from a regional model, statistical analyzes were performed and a correlation method was applied to verify and classify patterns of wind speed intensity. The results show that the magnitude of wind variability can deviate in changes in the observed patterns, however, does not interfere in the high wind potential that a study area has. The directions northeast, east and southeast have higher wind occurrence rates in the region. The highest averages occur in the spring months and the smallest in the autumn. The regional model refined the results obtained from the reanalysis, enabling evaluate future scenarios. It was concluded that close to the port of the city of Rio Grande meets the necessary requirements, where there is the possibility of installing a wind farm offshore between depths of 20 m and 50 m with a tripod foundation, which would be the most suitable for that location.
The reduction of traditional energy resources, as well as the increase in energy demand to meet the improvement of the quality of life in developing countries like Brazil, point to the use of alternative energy sources, such as wind resources. Brazil has become one of the leading countries in wind power generation onshore worldwide, however studies of the potential offshore in Brazil and installation projects are still in their initial stages. This research seeks to evaluate the wind power potential on the coast of Rio Grande do Sul, considering the bathymetry of the coast, navigation routes, transmission lines and, above all, the intensity of the wind speed at a height of 100 m. Using a reanalysis dataset and output data from a regional model, statistical analyzes were performed and a correlation method was applied to verify and classify patterns of wind speed intensity. The results show that the magnitude of wind variability can deviate in changes in the observed patterns, however, does not interfere in the high wind potential that a study area has. The directions northeast, east and southeast have higher wind occurrence rates in the region. The highest averages occur in the spring months and the smallest in the autumn. The regional model refined the results obtained from the reanalysis, enabling evaluate future scenarios. It was concluded that close to the port of the city of Rio Grande meets the necessary requirements, where there is the possibility of installing a wind farm offshore between depths of 20 m and 50 m with a tripod foundation, which would be the most suitable for that location.
Descrição
Dissertação (mestrado)
Palavras-chave
Energia eólica, Parque eólico offshore, Direção do vento, Locais offshore, Wind energy, Wind farm offshore, Wind direction, Locations offshore
Citação
GONÇALVES, Paula Silva. Parques eólicos offshore no litoral do Rio Grande do Sul. 2021. 57 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Modelagem Computacional, Instituto de Matemática, Estatística e Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, 2021.
