Desenvolvimento de modelagem computacional e avaliação geométrica de chicanas em um tanque misturador aplicando o método design construtal
Resumo
O presente trabalho apresenta um estudo da influência geométrica de chicanas sobre o escoamento em um tanque misturador. Para isso, um dos objetivos desta pesquisa é desenvolver um modelo computacional para simular a rotação do impelidor sem a necessidade de utilizar um modelo de malha móvel, o que causaria maior esforço e tempo computacional. Assim, foi implementado um código numérico que utiliza uma fonte de quantidade de movimento para simular a rotação do impelidor no interior do tanque, sem a necessidade de representação das fronteiras físicas do mesmo. O código é executado por meio de uma ferramenta existente no ANSYS/FLUENT® v.14.5, chamada UDF- User Defined Function. Este modelo foi comparado com o modelo de malha móvel, e ambos foram verificados e validados a partir de dados encontrados na literatura. O segundo objetivo do trabalho é o de avaliação geométrica das chicanas aplicando o método Design Construtal, baseado na lei Construtal. Com a aplicação deste método, espera-se melhorar o balanceamento de todas as resistências do escoamento no sistema, variando a quantidade e a dimensão das chicanas, a fim de encontrar configurações geométricas que indiquem uma maior eficiência da mistura. Os graus de liberdade do problema são as quantidades de chicanas (Na) e a razão L/B (largura/comprimento das chicanas). Os indicadores de performance são considerados a partir da minimização do tempo de homogeneização e do desvio padrão da mistura. As equações de conservação de massa, quantidade de movimento e uma equação de transporte foram resolvidas através do método dos volumes finitos utilizando o software ANSYS/FLUENT® v.14.5, para modelar um escoamento tridimensional, turbulento e incompressível. Para a modelagem da turbulência foi utilizado � − �. O modelo de termo fonte apresentou uma significativa redução do esforço computacional em relação ao modelo de malha móvel, o que permitiu realizar a avaliação geométrica das chicanas no interior do tanque. Os resultados demonstraram que, a aplicação do Design Construtal permitiu obter recomendações teóricas importantes sobre a influência das chicanas na distribuição da espécie transportada (representando a mistura) e no tempo necessário para homogeneizar a mistura no tanque. Os resultados indicam que, considerando os dois indicadores de performance (tempo de homogeneização e desvio padrão da mistura) o caso que apresentou a melhor eficiência foi o tanque com 4 chicanas e razão L/B = 1. Por outro lado, se o número de potência for considerado no problema, existem outras recomendações. Neste caso, o tanque que apresentou a melhor eficiência foi o tanque com 8 chicanas e razão L/B = 0,25, apresentando o menor desvio padrão e a menor potência simultaneamente.
Stirred tanks are key parts in mixing processes in various chemical industries. The performance in mixing homogenization is essential to obtain a good result in the final product. For this, some variables (physical and geometric) are considered of great importance and must be taken into consideration at the time of the process. One of the variables little investigated in the literature are the bulkheads installed on the tank walls. These aid in flow distribution, leading to better or worse mixing efficiencies. To study the influence of these baffles on the mixing tank, the present work has as its first objective to develop a computational model to simulate the impeller rotation without the need to use a sliding mesh model, which would cause greater effort and computational time. Thus, it was developed for this work, a source term model using UDF-User Defined Function, capable of reproducing the physics of the studied problem. This model was compared with the sliding mesh model, and both were verified and validated from data found in the literature. The second objective of the work is the geometric evaluation of the baffles applying the Construtal Design method, based on the Construtal law. By applying this method, it is expected to improve the balance of all flow resistances in the system by varying the amount and dimension of the baffles, in order to find geometric configurations that indicate a greater efficiency of the mixture. The degrees of freedom of the problem are the quantities of baffles (Na) and the L/B ratio (width/length of the baffles). The performance indicators are considered from the minimization of the homogenization time and the standard deviation of the mixture. To evaluate the mixing and homogenization of the system, a tracer in the fluid volume was added, for this, a species transport model without chemical reaction was used. The equations of mass conservation, amount of motion and transport were solved by the finite volume method using ANSYS / FLUENT® v.14.5 software and considering a three-dimensional, turbulent and incompressible flow. For the modeling of turbulence, � − � was used. The results showed that the term source model, as well as the application of the Costructal Design method, allowed to obtain important theoretical recommendations on the influence of the baffles on the distribution of the transported species and on the time needed to homogenize the mixture in the tank. The results indicate that considering the two performance indicators (homogenization time and standard deviation of the mixture), the case with the best efficiency was the tank with 4 baffles and L/B = 1. On the other hand, if the power number is considered in the problem, there are other recommendations. In this case, the tank with the best efficiency was the tank with 8 baffles and L/B = 0.25, showing the smallest standard deviation and the smallest power simultaneously.
Stirred tanks are key parts in mixing processes in various chemical industries. The performance in mixing homogenization is essential to obtain a good result in the final product. For this, some variables (physical and geometric) are considered of great importance and must be taken into consideration at the time of the process. One of the variables little investigated in the literature are the bulkheads installed on the tank walls. These aid in flow distribution, leading to better or worse mixing efficiencies. To study the influence of these baffles on the mixing tank, the present work has as its first objective to develop a computational model to simulate the impeller rotation without the need to use a sliding mesh model, which would cause greater effort and computational time. Thus, it was developed for this work, a source term model using UDF-User Defined Function, capable of reproducing the physics of the studied problem. This model was compared with the sliding mesh model, and both were verified and validated from data found in the literature. The second objective of the work is the geometric evaluation of the baffles applying the Construtal Design method, based on the Construtal law. By applying this method, it is expected to improve the balance of all flow resistances in the system by varying the amount and dimension of the baffles, in order to find geometric configurations that indicate a greater efficiency of the mixture. The degrees of freedom of the problem are the quantities of baffles (Na) and the L/B ratio (width/length of the baffles). The performance indicators are considered from the minimization of the homogenization time and the standard deviation of the mixture. To evaluate the mixing and homogenization of the system, a tracer in the fluid volume was added, for this, a species transport model without chemical reaction was used. The equations of mass conservation, amount of motion and transport were solved by the finite volume method using ANSYS / FLUENT® v.14.5 software and considering a three-dimensional, turbulent and incompressible flow. For the modeling of turbulence, � − � was used. The results showed that the term source model, as well as the application of the Costructal Design method, allowed to obtain important theoretical recommendations on the influence of the baffles on the distribution of the transported species and on the time needed to homogenize the mixture in the tank. The results indicate that considering the two performance indicators (homogenization time and standard deviation of the mixture), the case with the best efficiency was the tank with 4 baffles and L/B = 1. On the other hand, if the power number is considered in the problem, there are other recommendations. In this case, the tank with the best efficiency was the tank with 8 baffles and L/B = 0.25, showing the smallest standard deviation and the smallest power simultaneously.
Descrição
Tese (Doutorado)
Palavras-chave
Tanque misturador, Simulação numérica, Design Construtal, Modelo de Termo Fonte, Stirred tank, Numerical simulation, Constructal Design, Source Term Model
Citação
SOARES, Laísa Luiz. Desenvolvimento de modelagem computacional e avaliação geométrica de chicanas em um tanque misturador aplicando o método design construtal. 2021. 107 f. Tese (doutorado) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Modelagem Computacional, Instituto de Matemática, Estatística e Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, 2021.
