Purificação de glicerol proveniente da produção de biodiesel utilizando coagulante à base de quitina
Resumo
Devido a importância da utilização de combustíveis provenientes de fontes renováveis
em substituição aos de origem fóssil, no Brasil há um incentivo desde 1997 a esse
assunto. Desde então, a legislação torna obrigatória a adição de um percentual de
biodiesel ao diesel comercializado, o que trouxe como consequência o aumento na
produção deste biocombustível, bem como de seu principal subproduto, o glicerol. Esse
glicerol possui diversas impurezas que impossibilitam sua utilização nos diferentes
setores industriais, o que torna importante o estudo de diferentes técnicas para sua
purificação, que atualmente possui um preço elevado por conta do uso da destilação a
vácuo, que demanda um consumo energético muito alto. Dentre as técnicas possíveis
estão a coagulação, muito utilizada para tratamento de água, porém não convencional
para tratamento de glicerol, e a adsorção como complemento da mesma. No presente
trabalho, foi obtido o glicerol a partir da produção prévia de biodiesel, e utilizado um
coagulante à base de quitina e posterior adsorção com carvão ativado comercial no
melhor resultado do tratamento por coagulação. O glicerol purificado e o glicerol bruto
foram caracterizados por FTIR, TGA, RMN 1H, bem como realizou-se a determinação
do teor de glicerol e cinzas, essa última analisada por MEV. Na melhor condição de
coagulação o glicerol apresentou um teor de cinzas de 1,75 % e o teor de glicerol foi de
93,57%, enquanto as análises de FTIR indicaram a remoção de algumas impurezas e
as imagens de MEV indicaram a ausência de cristais de NaCl no glicerol tratado. A
remoção de cor foi monitorada utilizando espectroscopia na região UV-vis.
Due to the importance of using fuels from renewable sources to replace those of fossil origin, in Brazil there has been an incentive since 1997 to this subject. Since then, legislation made it mandatory to add a percentage of biodiesel to commercialized diesel, which has resulted in an increase in the production of this biofuel, as well as its main by-product, glycerol. This glycerol has several impurities that make it impossible to use in different industrial sectors, which makes it important to study different techniques for its purification, which currently has a high price due to the use of vacuum distillation, which requires very high energy consumption. Among the possible techniques are coagulation, widely used for water treatment, but unconventional for glycerol treatment, and adsorption as a complement to it. In the present work, glycerol was obtained from the previous production of biodiesel, and a coagulant based on chitin was used and subsequent adsorption with commercial activated carbon in the best result of the coagulation treatment. Purified glycerol and crude glycerol were characterized by FTIR, TGA, 1H NMR, as well as the determination of glycerol and ash content, the latter analyzed by SEM. In the best coagulation condition, the glycerol presented an ash content of 1.75% and the glycerol content was 93.57%, while the FTIR analysis indicated the removal of some impurities and the SEM images indicated the absence of NaCl crystals in the treated glycerol. Color removal was monitored using spectroscopy in the UV-Vis region.
Due to the importance of using fuels from renewable sources to replace those of fossil origin, in Brazil there has been an incentive since 1997 to this subject. Since then, legislation made it mandatory to add a percentage of biodiesel to commercialized diesel, which has resulted in an increase in the production of this biofuel, as well as its main by-product, glycerol. This glycerol has several impurities that make it impossible to use in different industrial sectors, which makes it important to study different techniques for its purification, which currently has a high price due to the use of vacuum distillation, which requires very high energy consumption. Among the possible techniques are coagulation, widely used for water treatment, but unconventional for glycerol treatment, and adsorption as a complement to it. In the present work, glycerol was obtained from the previous production of biodiesel, and a coagulant based on chitin was used and subsequent adsorption with commercial activated carbon in the best result of the coagulation treatment. Purified glycerol and crude glycerol were characterized by FTIR, TGA, 1H NMR, as well as the determination of glycerol and ash content, the latter analyzed by SEM. In the best coagulation condition, the glycerol presented an ash content of 1.75% and the glycerol content was 93.57%, while the FTIR analysis indicated the removal of some impurities and the SEM images indicated the absence of NaCl crystals in the treated glycerol. Color removal was monitored using spectroscopy in the UV-Vis region.
Descrição
Dissertação (Mestrado)
Palavras-chave
Glicerol, Biodiesel, Coagulação, Quitina, Glycerol, Coagulation, Chitin
Citação
ARABIDIAN, Viviane de Carvalho. Purificação de glicerol proveniente da produção de biodiesel utilizando coagulante à base de quitina. 2022. 56 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Química Tecnológica e Ambiental) - Programa de Pós-graduação em Química Tecnológica e Ambiental, Escola de Química e Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, 2022.
