Fatores que influenciam a participação dos provedores na economia compartilhada: um estudo realizado no Brasil
Resumo
O crescimento da Economia Compartilhada (EC) tem criado uma demanda constante de participantes, sejam eles usuários ou provedores. Entretanto, poucos estudos têm se dedicado a estudar o lado do provedor no que tange aos fatores que influenciam a sua participação na EC. Desta forma, objetivou-se nesta pesquisa analisar os fatores que influenciam a participação dos provedores na economia compartilhada no Brasil. Primeiramente, realizou-se uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura, de modo a ampliar o conhecimento sobre a produção científica desenvolvida acerca da participação dos provedores na economia compartilhada. O estudo obteve um portfólio bibliográfico composto por 139 artigos, dos quais 28 trataram especificamente dos motivadores da participação dos provedores na economia compartilhada e constatou-se um crescimento constante no número de artigos publicados sobre o tema estudado nos últimos anos, especialmente após 2017, destacando-se a empresa Airbnb como a mais estudada. Com relação aos diferentes motivadores da participação dos provedores na economia compartilhada, seis categorias foram identificadas, sendo elas: a financeira, a social, a ambiental, a hedônica, a utilitária e individual. Em seguida, realizou-se uma pesquisa survey com 419 participantes, onde elaborou-se um modelo conceitual com os construtos identificados na literatura, tais como empowerment, benefícios econômicos, interação social, motivação utilitária, motivação hedônica, sustentabilidade, mais a atitude e a intenção de continuar atuando na Economia Compartilhada, o que permitiu a elaboração de 13 hipóteses testadas na etapa empírica da pesquisa. Como resultados, observou-se que a motivação utilitária, os benefícios econômicos, a sustentabilidade e a motivação hedônica exercem uma influência significativa na atitude dos provedores em participar da Economia Compartilhada, enquanto a intenção de continuar participando é influenciada apenas pela motivação hedônica e pela atitude dos provedores. A motivação hedônica se mostrou o principal preditor da atitude e da continuidade do provedor na Economia Compartilhada. Identificou-se, ainda, diferenças de percepção entre os provedores que atuam em diferentes plataformas, os anfitriões de Airbnb apresentam uma percepção mais positiva sobre o aplicativo, o que não foi observado com os motoristas de aplicativos de transporte urbano, como Uber e 99; de forma similar, os motoristas de transporte intercidades, como Blablacar, percebem de forma apenas moderada a satisfação com o uso do aplicativo; quanto à sustentabilidade, embora exerça uma influência positiva na atitude, é percebida de forma moderada pelos provedores da economia compartilhada, tanto nas plataformas de hospedagem, quanto de transporte. O presente estudo se diferencia dos demais por estudar diferentes plataformas de Economia Compartilhada atuando no Brasil, identificando os fatores que influenciam a participação dos provedores nessas plataformas, assim como suas percepções sobre os aplicativos de Economia Compartilhada.
The growth of the Sharing Economy (SE) has created a constant demand for participants, whether users or providers. However, few studies have dedicated themselves to studying the provider's side regarding the factors that influence their participation in SE. Therefore, the objective of this research was to analyze the factors that influence the participation of providers in the sharing economy in Brazil. Firstly, a Systematic Literature Review was carried out, in order to expand knowledge about the scientific production developed regarding the participation of providers in the sharing economy. The study obtained a bibliographic portfolio composed of 139 articles, of which 28 specifically dealt with the drivers of providers' participation in the sharing economy and a constant growth was noted in the number of articles published on the topic studied in recent years, especially after 2017, highlighting The company Airbnb is the most studied. Regarding the different motivators for providers' participation in the sharing economy, six categories were identified, namely: financial, social, environmental, hedonic, utilitarian and individual. Then, a survey research was carried out with 419 participants, where a conceptual model was developed with the constructs identified in the literature, such as empowerment, economic benefits, social interaction, utilitarian motivation, hedonic motivation, sustainability, plus attitude and intention to continue working in the Sharing Economy, which allowed the elaboration of 13 hypotheses tested in the empirical stage of the research. As results, it was observed that utilitarian motivation, economic benefits, sustainability and hedonic motivation exert a significant influence on the attitude of providers to participate in the Sharing Economy, while the intention to continue participating is influenced only by hedonic motivation and attitude of providers. Hedonic motivation proved to be the main predictor of provider attitude and continuity in the Sharing Economy. Differences in perception were also identified between providers operating on different platforms: Airbnb hosts have a more positive perception about the application, which was not observed with drivers of urban transport applications, such as Uber and 99; similarly, intercity transport drivers, such as Blablacar, perceive only moderate satisfaction with using the application; As for sustainability, although it has a positive influence on attitudes, it is perceived moderately by sharing economy providers, both on accommodation and transport platforms. The present study differs from others by studying different Sharing Economy platforms operating in Brazil, identifying the factors that influence providers' participation on these platforms, as well as their perceptions about Sharing Economy applications.
The growth of the Sharing Economy (SE) has created a constant demand for participants, whether users or providers. However, few studies have dedicated themselves to studying the provider's side regarding the factors that influence their participation in SE. Therefore, the objective of this research was to analyze the factors that influence the participation of providers in the sharing economy in Brazil. Firstly, a Systematic Literature Review was carried out, in order to expand knowledge about the scientific production developed regarding the participation of providers in the sharing economy. The study obtained a bibliographic portfolio composed of 139 articles, of which 28 specifically dealt with the drivers of providers' participation in the sharing economy and a constant growth was noted in the number of articles published on the topic studied in recent years, especially after 2017, highlighting The company Airbnb is the most studied. Regarding the different motivators for providers' participation in the sharing economy, six categories were identified, namely: financial, social, environmental, hedonic, utilitarian and individual. Then, a survey research was carried out with 419 participants, where a conceptual model was developed with the constructs identified in the literature, such as empowerment, economic benefits, social interaction, utilitarian motivation, hedonic motivation, sustainability, plus attitude and intention to continue working in the Sharing Economy, which allowed the elaboration of 13 hypotheses tested in the empirical stage of the research. As results, it was observed that utilitarian motivation, economic benefits, sustainability and hedonic motivation exert a significant influence on the attitude of providers to participate in the Sharing Economy, while the intention to continue participating is influenced only by hedonic motivation and attitude of providers. Hedonic motivation proved to be the main predictor of provider attitude and continuity in the Sharing Economy. Differences in perception were also identified between providers operating on different platforms: Airbnb hosts have a more positive perception about the application, which was not observed with drivers of urban transport applications, such as Uber and 99; similarly, intercity transport drivers, such as Blablacar, perceive only moderate satisfaction with using the application; As for sustainability, although it has a positive influence on attitudes, it is perceived moderately by sharing economy providers, both on accommodation and transport platforms. The present study differs from others by studying different Sharing Economy platforms operating in Brazil, identifying the factors that influence providers' participation on these platforms, as well as their perceptions about Sharing Economy applications.
Descrição
Dissertação (mestrado)
Palavras-chave
Economia compartilhada, Provedor, Participação, Uber, Airbnb, Blablacar, Sharing economy, Provider, Participation
Citação
KPEHOUN, Pierre Claver Houenagnon. Fatores que influenciam a participação dos provedores na economia compartilhada: um estudo realizado no Brasil. 2024. 91f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Administração, Instituto de Ciências Econômicas, Administrativas e Contábeis, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, 2024.
