A influência de parâmetros físicos sobre as larvas de peixes mesopelágicos do Atlântico Sudoeste
Resumo
Myctophidae é uma família de peixes com ampla distribuição nos oceanos e
predominante no ambiente mesopelágico, que é a porção pouco iluminada da
coluna de água localizada entre 200 e 1000 m de profundidade. Este estudo
aborda aspectos da ecologia de larvas de Myctophidae no Oceano Atlântico Sul,
com base em dados de cruzeiros oceanográficos realizados na costa sul do
Brasil entre 1970 e 2011. Foram realizadas 44 expedições e 2094 estações
oceanográficas, para investigar a composição, distribuição e associação de
larvas de Myctophidae com parâmetros físicos. As larvas amostradas foram
identificadas até o nível taxonômico de gênero, analisando a diferença espaço-
temporal através de testes Kruskal-Wallis e Wilcoxon. Parâmetros como riqueza,
diversidade e equitabilidade foram avaliados a partir de índices de Menhinick,
Shannon-Wiener e Pielou. A distribuição espacial foi mapeada através do QGIS,
e as massas de água foram identificadas e caracterizadas a partir dos dados de
temperatura e salinidade. Para avaliar a influência das variáveis abióticas na
abundância larval, foram utilizados PERMANOVA e Teste de Tukey.
Exclusivamente para avaliar a relação da temperatura e salinidade com a
abundância dos gêneros de Myctophidae, foi utilizado o Modelo Linear
Generalizado. A fim de identificar similaridades espaciais entre os gêneros,
foram realizados agrupamentos baseados em categorias latitudinais e
batimétricas. Foram amostradas 17.209 larvas de Myctophidae, distribuídas em
20 gêneros. Diaphus sp. foi o gênero dominante no estudo. Sazonalmente, o
verão apresentou maior abundância larval, enquanto o inverno mostrou a menor.
A abundância larval também variou de acordo com a batimetria, sendo maior em
regiões com profundidade acima de 1000 m. Evidencia-se, portanto, a
importância de se considerar processos oceanográficos, como a ressurgência
costeira e a estratificação por alto aporte continental, por exemplo, no
planejamento estratégico de conservação da biodiversidade marinha.
Myctophidae is a family of fish with a broad distribution in the oceans and prevalent in the mesopelagic environment, which is the dimly illuminated portion of the water column located between 200 and 1000 m. The study addresses aspects of the ecology of Myctophidae larvae in the South Atlantic Ocean, based on data from oceanographic cruises off the southern coast of Brazil between 1970 and 2011. Forty-four expeditions and 2094 oceanographic stations were conducted to investigate the composition, distribution, and association of Myctophidae larvae with physical and oceanographic parameters. The sampled larvae were identified to the taxonomic level of genus, evaluating their abundance and spatiotemporal distribution through Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests. Parameters such as richness, diversity, and evenness were assessed using Menhinick, Shannon-Wiener, and Pielou indices, respectively. Spatial distribution was mapped through QGIS, and water masses were identified and characterized based on hydrographical data. To evaluate the influence of abiotic variables on larval abundance, PERMANOVA and Tukey tests were used. Exclusively to assess the relationship of temperature and salinity with the abundance of Myctophidae genera, the Generalized Linear Model was used. To identify spatial similarities among the genera, clustering based on latitudinal and bathymetric categories was performed. A total of 17,209 Myctophidae larvae were sampled, distributed among 20 genera. Diaphus sp. was the most prominent genus, being dominant in the study. Seasonally, Summer showed the highest larval abundance, while Winter showed the lowest. Larval abundance also varied according to bathymetry, being higher at depths above 1000 m. Therefore, the importance of considering oceanographic processes in strategic planning for marine biodiversity conservation is evident.
Myctophidae is a family of fish with a broad distribution in the oceans and prevalent in the mesopelagic environment, which is the dimly illuminated portion of the water column located between 200 and 1000 m. The study addresses aspects of the ecology of Myctophidae larvae in the South Atlantic Ocean, based on data from oceanographic cruises off the southern coast of Brazil between 1970 and 2011. Forty-four expeditions and 2094 oceanographic stations were conducted to investigate the composition, distribution, and association of Myctophidae larvae with physical and oceanographic parameters. The sampled larvae were identified to the taxonomic level of genus, evaluating their abundance and spatiotemporal distribution through Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests. Parameters such as richness, diversity, and evenness were assessed using Menhinick, Shannon-Wiener, and Pielou indices, respectively. Spatial distribution was mapped through QGIS, and water masses were identified and characterized based on hydrographical data. To evaluate the influence of abiotic variables on larval abundance, PERMANOVA and Tukey tests were used. Exclusively to assess the relationship of temperature and salinity with the abundance of Myctophidae genera, the Generalized Linear Model was used. To identify spatial similarities among the genera, clustering based on latitudinal and bathymetric categories was performed. A total of 17,209 Myctophidae larvae were sampled, distributed among 20 genera. Diaphus sp. was the most prominent genus, being dominant in the study. Seasonally, Summer showed the highest larval abundance, while Winter showed the lowest. Larval abundance also varied according to bathymetry, being higher at depths above 1000 m. Therefore, the importance of considering oceanographic processes in strategic planning for marine biodiversity conservation is evident.
Descrição
Dissertação (Mestrado)
Palavras-chave
Myctophidae, Mesopelágico, Corrente do Brasil, Ictioplâncton, Mesopelagic, Brazil Current, Ichthyoplankton
Citação
COSTA, Verônica Fernandes. A influência de parâmetros físicos sobre as larvas de peixes mesopelágicos do Atlântico Sudoeste. 2024. 89 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Oceanografia Física, Química e Geológica) - Programa de Pós-graduação em Oceanografia Física, Química e Geológica, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, 2024.
