Fracionamento de compostos fenólicos em amostras de erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis) orgânica e convencional
Resumo
As folhas e talos utilizados na produção de erva-mate são oriundas de
árvores da espécie Ilex paraguariensis e possuem grande valor cultural e
potencial tecnológico evidente, fato que se dá devido a expressiva presença de
compostos bioativos, como os compostos fenólicos, que são reconhecidos por
sua capacidade de regularizar estados de estresse oxidativo, agindo na
manutenção da vida vegetal e animal. Esses compostos podem ser extraídos em
sua forma livre ou conjugada a partir de um procedimento de fracionamento, que
aplica estratégias hidrolíticas para melhor recuperação destes das matrizes
vegetais. A síntese dessas moléculas pode ser modulada por condições
ambientais, como por exemplo estresse biótico e abiótico, e o estudo de produtos
cultivados a partir de sistemas de cultivo fundamentalmente distintos, como o
sistema de cultivo orgânico e convencional, pode evidenciar comportamento
diferente no perfil fenólicos dos produtos. No presente trabalho utilizou-se a
metodologia de fracionamento para avaliar o teor de compostos fenólicos livre e
conjugados em amostras de folhas e talos de erva-mate orgânica e convencional
e constatou que: a) as folhas de erva-mate são mais concentradas do que os
talos; b) a estratégia de fracionamento incrementou a concentração de compostos
fenólicos determinados nas amostras estudadas; c) a fração conjugada é mais
concentrada do que a livre e; d) os grupos amostrais orgânico e convencional
demonstraram paridade, indicando que o sistema de cultivo pode ser uma
característica de menor impacto na modulação da síntese fenólica em erva-mate.
The leaves and stems used in the production of yerba mate come from trees of the species Ilex paraguariensis and have great cultural value and evident technological potential. This is due to the significant presence of bioactive compounds, such as phenolic compounds, which are recognized for their ability to regulate states of oxidative stress, acting in the maintenance of plant and animal life. These compounds can be extracted in their free or conjugated form from a fractionation procedure, which applies hydrolytic strategies for a better recovery of these compounds from the vegetable matrices. The synthesis of these molecules can be modulated by environmental conditions, such as biotic and abiotic stress, and the study of products grown from fundamentally different cultivation systems, such as organic and non-organic, can show different behavior in the phenolic profile of the products. In the present work, the fractionation methodology was used to evaluate the content of free and conjugated phenolic compounds in leaf and stem samples of organic and non-organic yerba mate and found that: (a) yerba mate leaves are more concentrated than stalks; (b) the fractionation strategy increased the concentration of phenolic compounds determined in the samples studied; (c) the conjugated fraction is more concentrated than the free and; (d) the organic and non-organic sample groups showed parity, indicating that the cultivation system may be a characteristic of less impact on the modulation of phenolic synthesis in yerba mate.
The leaves and stems used in the production of yerba mate come from trees of the species Ilex paraguariensis and have great cultural value and evident technological potential. This is due to the significant presence of bioactive compounds, such as phenolic compounds, which are recognized for their ability to regulate states of oxidative stress, acting in the maintenance of plant and animal life. These compounds can be extracted in their free or conjugated form from a fractionation procedure, which applies hydrolytic strategies for a better recovery of these compounds from the vegetable matrices. The synthesis of these molecules can be modulated by environmental conditions, such as biotic and abiotic stress, and the study of products grown from fundamentally different cultivation systems, such as organic and non-organic, can show different behavior in the phenolic profile of the products. In the present work, the fractionation methodology was used to evaluate the content of free and conjugated phenolic compounds in leaf and stem samples of organic and non-organic yerba mate and found that: (a) yerba mate leaves are more concentrated than stalks; (b) the fractionation strategy increased the concentration of phenolic compounds determined in the samples studied; (c) the conjugated fraction is more concentrated than the free and; (d) the organic and non-organic sample groups showed parity, indicating that the cultivation system may be a characteristic of less impact on the modulation of phenolic synthesis in yerba mate.
Descrição
Dissertação (Mestrado)
Palavras-chave
Erva-mate, Compostos fenólicos, Compostos fenólicos livres, Compostos fenólicos conjugados, Sistemas de cultivo, Partes da planta, Yerba mate, Phenolic compounds, Free phenolic compounds, Conjugated phenolic compounds, Farming system, Part plants
Citação
DIAS, Juliana Martins. Fracionamento de compostos fenólicos em amostras de erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis) orgânica e convencional. 2022. 79 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Química Tecnológica e Ambiental) - Programa de Pós-graduação em Química Tecnológica e Ambiental, Escola de Química e Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, 2022.
